Nowadays, the Aquaculture industry has played a major role in dealing with a broad range requirements for human protein needs. Though environmental pollution and the incidence of the disease have always been the significant challenges in the use of aquatic products. Increasing the antibiotic resistance rate in fish pathogens has attracted attention to searching for alternatives to antibiotics. In this regard, nanotechnology as a new and innovative strategy has a range of applications in aquaculture and preserving sea animals and can provide a reliable way to protect farmed fish from pathogens. The producers, therefore, try to eliminate barriers in food fields using nano-based tools and cause growth, proliferation, aquaculture, and water purification to increase production in the aquaculture industry. One of the most outstanding issues that researchers point out nano-scale is finding appropriate methodologies for the synthesis of environment-friendly and non-toxic nanoparticles. The specific chemical, physical and biological properties of nanoparticles have increased the incentive to produce them. Today these agents have found their way into many medical applications, including detection, vaccinations, medicine, and gene transfer. Moreover, the use of nanoparticle-based vaccines for many viral pathogens is a developing field in fish disease research. So, Nanoparticles have been widely taken into consideration as a special and sensitive tool to identify bacterial, fungal and viral diseases in aquaculture. This study focuses on the antimicrobial effects of nanoparticles, especially antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and the nanotechnology applications in fisheries.