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First Report of Ichthyophoniasis in Angelfish, Pterophyllum altum, and Histopathology Study of Infected Fish 2 2 Ichthyophonus is a unicellular fish parasite with a range of hosts and therefore a lot of economic losses. In this study, Ichthyophonus infection was reported in diseased angelfish, Pterophyllum altum. Samples were provided from three angelfish referred to veterinary hospital and examined by routine methods. The fish were lethargic with mild symptoms of chronic disease. According to a spherical shape and globular morphology of agent (characteristic spores surrounded by a thick fibrous membrane seen in squash preparations made from heart and spleen) and further histopathology and culture results, agent was described as Ichthyophonus hoferi. The result showed two main phases in the life of infecting parasites, 'active' and 'passive', the passive form is prone to convert to active. As another result, white-cream cysts were seen in infected organs. The most obvious macroscopic symptom of ichthyophonosis in angelfish was the spots on the skin and nodules in the heart. The cysts were filled with schizonts that were surrounded by fibroblasts, collagen fibers and many eosinophilic inflammatory cells. In the next step, tissue samples were also separated and incubated into Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) to see the germination of Ichthyophonus hoferi. This test was suggested for recognizing Ichthyophonus from Mycobacterial infections.   1 11 2018/08/1 1397/5/10 2019/10/2 1398/7/10 R Rahnama R Rahnama Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran IRAN royarahnama60@yahoo.com R Peyghan R Peyghan Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran IRAN rpeyghan@yahoo.com Ichthyophonus hoferi Histopathology Angelfish Ornamental fishes Cysts Agius C. 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(2004) Effect of Ichthyophonus Epizootic on Population of Atlantic Scandinavian Norwegian Spring Spawning) Herring (Clupea harengus harengus L.), Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Biol.) Dissertation, MGTA, Moscow. Francisco, CA, pp. 641.##Gavryuseva T. V. (2007) First report of Ichthyophonus hoferi infection in young coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum) at a fish hatchery in Kamchatka. Russian Journal of Marine Biology 33(1), 43-48.##Halos D., Hart S.A., Hershberger P. & Kocan R. (2005) Ichthyophonus in Puget Sound rockfish from the San Juan Islands Archipelago and Puget Sound, Washington, USA. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 17(3), 222-227.##Hershberger P.K., Gregg J.L., Hart L.M., Moffitt S., Brenner R., Stick K., Coonradt E., Otis E.O., Vollenweider J.J., Garver K.A. & Lovy J. (2016) The parasite Ichthyophonus sp. in Pacific herring from the coastal NE Pacific. Journal of fish diseases 39(4), 395-410.##Hershberger P.K., Stick K., Bui B., Carroll C., Fall B., Mork C. & Kocan R. 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(2001) Ichthyophonus and Mycobacterium-like bacterial infections in commercially-important rockfish, Sebastes spp., in the eastern North Pacific Ocean. Journal of Fish Diseases 24(7), 427-431.##Kocan R.M. (2013) Proposed changes to the nomenclature of Ichthyophonus sp. life stages and structures. The Journal of parasitology 99(5), 906-909.##Kocan R. & Hershberger P. (2006) Differences in Ichthyophonus prevalence and infection severity between upper Yukon River and Tanana River Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), stocks. Journal of Fish Diseases 29(8), 497-503.##Kocan R., Hershberger P., Sanders G. & Winton J. (2009) Effects of temperature on disease progression and swimming stamina in Ichthyophonus‐infected rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Journal of Fish Diseases 32(10), 835-843.##LaPatra S. E. & Kocan R. M. (2016) Infected Donor Biomass and Active Feeding Increase Waterborne Transmission of Ichthyophonus sp. to Rainbow Trout Sentinels. 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Study on anesthetic effects of Ketamine and Acepromazine in Tor grypus 2 2 Administration of human anesthesia drugs in fish is mainly because of their high efficacy and availability as well as low price. In this study anesthetic effects of Ketamine and Acepromazine (0, 15 and 30 mg L-1) was evaluated in Shirbot (Tor grypus). Acepromazine concentrations prepared in 10 L containers in triplicates, then serial descending concentration of ketamine (for effective dose 20-400 mg L-1 and for lethal dose 320-900 mg L-1) were added to tank. Twelve fish were added to each container. Results analyzed with probit software and EC10, EC50 and EC90 as well as LC10, LC50 and LC90 of drugs in five minutes were measured. Results showed that no significant difference was seen in anesthesia efficacy, time of anesthesia induction and recovery time among groups (P>0.05), but lethal effects of Ketamine decreased significantly in Ketamin along with 15 mg L-1 Acepromazine (P<0.05). Then it can be concluded that Acepromazine increased the safety of Ketamine in Tor grypus at low doses.  12 21 2018/08/12018/11/15 1397/8/24 2019/10/22019/11/10 1398/8/19 M Alishahi M Alishahi Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran IRAN alishahim@scu.ac.ir A. A Heidari A. A Heidari Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran IRAN bakhtiyar.heidari@gmail.com A Gholamhosseini A Gholamhosseini Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran IRAN Amingholamhosseini@shirazu.ac.ir H Najafzadeh H Najafzadeh Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Mazandaran ,Iran IRAN Iran h.najafzadeh@mubabol.ac.ir Ketamine Acepromazine Tor grypus Anesthesia Aboeldahab H., Samir R., Hosny H. & Omar A. (2011) Comparative study between propof, ketamine and their combination (ketofol) as an induction agent. Egyption Journal of Anaesthesia 27(3), 145-150.##Akbulut B., Çakmak E., Aksungur N. & Çavdar Y. (2011) Effect of exposure duration on time to recovery from anaesthesia of clove oil in juvenile of Russian sturgeon. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 11 (3), 80-90.##Al-Hamdani A.H., Ebrahim S.K. & Mohammad F.K. (2010) Experimental xylazine-ketamine anesthesia in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 46(2), 596-598.##Anderson W.G., McKinley R.S. & Colavecchia M. (1997) The use of clove oil as an anesthetic for rainbow trout and its effects on swimming performance. North American Journal of Fisheries Managment 17(2), 301-307.##Baboli M.J. & Anvari M. (2018) Determination of Optimum Weaning Time of Shirbot (Tor grypus Heckel, 1843) Larvae. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 18(12), 1371-1377.##Bastos-Ramos W.P., Goncalves N.M. & Bacila M. (1998) Anesthesia and analgesia in Antarctic fish: an experimental approach. Archives of Veterinary Science 3(1), 30-38.##Fleming G.J., Heard D.J., Floyd R.F. & Riggs A. (2003) Evaluation of propofol and medetomidine-ketamine for short-term immobilization of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus de soti). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 34(2), 153-158.##Hedayati A.A. (2018) Effects of 2-phenoxyethanol (2-PE) anesthesia on some haematological and biochemical indices of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Iranian journal of fisheries sciences 17(1), 1-10.##Heidari B., Peyghan R., Esmaeilir-Rad A., Najafzadehvarzi. H., Bita S. & Poormehdi B. (2014) The effect of using different types of Magnesium Oxide and ketamine on anesthesia of in fingerling of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Iranian Veterinary Journal 10(1), 23-30. [In Persian]##Kawai S., Takagi Y., Kaneko S. & Kurosawa T. (2011) Effect of three types of mixed anesthetic agents alternate to ketamine in mice. Experimental animals 60(5), 481-487.##Lorrain D., Baccei C.S., Bristow L.J., Anderson J.J. & Varney M.A. (2003) Effects of ketamine and N-methyl-D-aspartate on glutamate and dopamine release in the rat prefrontal cortex: modulation by a group II selective metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist LY379268. Neuroscience journal 117(3), 697-706.##Marco P.D., Petochi T., Longobardi A., Priori A., Finoia M.G., Donadelli V. & Marino G. (2011) Efficacy of tricaine methanesulphonate, clove oil and medetomidine‐ketamine and their side effects on the physiology of sturgeon hybrid Acipenser naccarii × Acipenser baerii. Journal of Applied Ichtyiology 27(2), 611-617.##Martins T., Diniz E., Félix L.M. & Antunes L. (2018) Evaluation of anaesthetic protocols for laboratory adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Public library of science one 13(5), e0197846.##Matin S.M.A., Hossain M.A. & Hashim M.A. (2009) Clove oil anaesthesia in singhi (Heteropneustes fossilis) and lata (Channa punctatus) fish. Bangladesh journal of Veterinary medicine 26(2), 68-73.##Mirzargar S.S., Soltani M., Ahmadi M., Abrishamifar A., Bahonar A. & Yousefi P. (2011) Anesthetic effect of tricaine methanesulfonate, clove oil and electroanesthesia on lysozyme activity of Oncorhynchus mykiss. Iranian journal of fisheries sciences 10(3), 393-402. [In Persian]##Molina A.M., Moyano M.R., Serrano-Rodriguez J.M., Ayala N., Lora A.J., Serrano-Caballero J.M. (2015) Analyses of anaesthesia with ketamine combined with different sedatives in rats. Veterinary Medicine 60(7), 60-78.##Neiffer D.L. & Stamper M.A. (2009) Fish sedation, anesthesia, analgesia, and euthanasia: considerations, methods, and types of drugs. Institue for Laboratory Animal Reseaech Journal 50(4), 343-360.##Nikpei M. (1996) Research project report: biological study of Tor grypus and Tor sharpie. Iranian fisheries science research institute 1, 52-64.##Nishimura L.T., Villela I.O.J., Carvalho L.L., Borges L.P.B., Silva M.A.M. & Mattos-Junior E. (2017) The Effect of Acepromazine Alone or in Combination with Methadone, Morphine, or Tramadol on Sedation and Selected Cardiopulmonary Variables in Sheep. Veterinary medicine international, 2017.##Peyghan R., Baniadam A. & Amirdad S.H. (2001) Using Ketamine and Xylasein hydrochloride for anesthesia of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Pajohesh & sazandegi journal. 52:18-19. [In Persian]##Popovic N.P , Strunjak‐Perovic I., Coz‐Rakovac R., Barisic J., Jadan M., Persin Berakovic A. & Sauerborn Klobucar R. (2012) Tricaine methane‐sulfonate (MS‐222) application in fish anaesthesia. Journal of applied Ichthyology 28(4), 553-564.##Readman G.D., Owen S.F., Knowles T.G. & Murrell J.C. (2017) Species specific anaesthetics for fish anaesthesia and euthanasia. Scientific Reports 7(1), 1-7.##Riehl R., Kyzar E., Allain A., Green J., Hook M., Monnig L. & DiLeo, J. (2011) Behavioral and physiological effects of acute ketamine exposure in adult zebrafish. Neurotoxicology and Teratoloy Journal 33(6), 658-667.##Ross L.G. & Ross B. (2009) Anaesthetic and sedative techniques for aquatic animals. John Wiley & Sons. Third edition, 240 Pages.##Smith M.F. 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Numerical findings on crucial viral pathogens in Rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) farms of northern Iran 2 2 Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) are documented as the most considerable viral pathogens in Rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss). This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of these pathogens in 65 farms with suspected clinical signs in northern Iran from March 2016 to February 2018. Logistic regression analysis used to assess the effect of several determinant factors on the occurrence of these pathogens. In total, 19 (29.23%) farms were positive by a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The frequency of VHSV, IHNV, and IPNV was reported 18.5%, 6.2%, and 4.61%, respectively. The most affected farms (78.95%) used river water. Furthermore, our results revealed that using river water raised the chances of viral disease by 5 times (OR= 5.02; P= 0.01). Thus, using river water was a risk factor for the occurrence of viral pathogens. From four weight groups (A to D); fishes in groups A (fish < 1 gr) and B (1 to 20 gr) were more affected but not statistically significant (P>0.05). This study has provided insight into the frequency of these targeted viruses. Collectively, establishing routine rapid diagnostic programs and setting up basic educational practices can be valuable to design the prevention and control strategies.   22 36 2018/08/12018/11/152019/09/23 1398/7/1 2019/10/22019/11/102019/11/7 1398/8/16 M Khosravi M Khosravi Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran IRAN mojtaba.kh.dvm@gmail.com P Shohreh P Shohreh Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran IRAN R Khoshbakht R Khoshbakht Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran IRAN Rainbow trout Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus Infectious Hematopoietic necrosis virus Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus Frequencyus Frequency Abbadi M., Fusaro A., Ceolin C., Casarotto C., Quartesan R., Dalla Pozza M., Cattoli G., Toffan A., Holmes E.C. & Panzarin V. 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(2018) Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia. Available at: www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/aahm/current/chapi tre_vhs.pdf.##OIE. (2019) Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals. Available at: www.oie.int/international-standard-setting/aquatic-manual/access online/.Accessed 2019.##Panzarin V., Holmes E.C., Abbadi M., Zamperin G., Quartesan R.,Milani A., Schivo A., Bille L., Pozza M.D., Monne I. & Toffan A. (2018) Low evolutionary rate of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in Italy is associated with reduced virulence in trout. Virus Evolution 4(2), vey019.##Rasmussen C.J. (1965) A biological study of the Egtved disease (InuL). Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 126(1), 427-460.##Roberts R.J. & Pearson M.D. (2005) Infectious pancreatic necrosis in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Journal of Fish Diseases 28 (7), 383-390.##Santi N., Vakharia V. N. & Evensen Ø. (2004). Identification of putative motifs involved in the virulence of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. Virology, 322(1), 31-40.##Scarfe A.D. (2006) Aquaculture Biosecurity Prevention, Control, and Eradication of Aquatic Animal Disease, Blackwell Publishing Professional, Iowa, USA.##Schäperclaus W. (1938) Die Schädigungen der deutschen Fischerei durch Fischparasiten und Fischkrankheiten. Allg Fischztg 41, 256-259.##Smail D.A. & Snow M. (2011) Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia. In: Fish Diseases and Disorders (ed by P.T.K. Woo, & D.W Bruno), pp. 110-142. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing.##Soltani M., Rouholahi S.h., Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi H.A., Abdi K., Zargar A. & Mohamadian S. (2014) Genetic diversity of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in farmed Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Iran. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 34 (5), 156-164.##Soltani M., Rouholahi S.h., Zargar A., Abdi K., Mohamadian S. & Ghajari A. 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Health assessment of Silver catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus): hydrodynamic and growth performance in Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria 2 2 Status of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, an economic important fish of the Gulf of Guinea was investigated over 24 months in Lagos Lagoon to know the state of well-being of the fish; for fisheries management, public health and food security. Ecological tools employed to determine some hydrodynamic status. Water analysis: temperature (°C), pH, dissolved oxygen (mg l-1), conductivity (μЅcm), depth (m), turbidity (m), and salinity (%0) were determined. Fish with mean standard length 18.90 ± 1.35 (cm) and mean weight range (201.59 ± 38.29) (g) were randomly collected and separated into sexes. Condition factor and regression analysis determined. Some heavy metal concentrations (Lead, Iron, Zinc Copper, and Chromium) levels were determined in fish tissues. No significant difference (P ≥ 0.05) occurred in water parameters from normal range using ANOVA. Sex ratio indicated higher male to female (40:32) which is nature specific. Morphometric measurement indicated female samples revealed negative allometric, but better condition factor (K) (2.86); while male revealed positive allometric and lower condition factor (K) (0.44) which is sex, reproduction and food availability specific; as robustness indicate state of well-being of the fish. Heavy metal values revealed slight accumulations. Results connoted fish species is relatively safe and of public health value. 37 53 2018/08/12018/11/152019/09/232019/04/23 1398/2/3 2019/10/22019/11/102019/11/72019/10/24 1398/8/2 A. O Abidemi-Iromini A. O Abidemi-Iromini Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria Nigeria attytej@gmail.com A. O Bello-Olusoji A. O Bello-Olusoji Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria Nigeria oabelloolusoji@futa.edu.ng I. A Adebayo I. A Adebayo Department of Animal Production and Health, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria Nigeria aoabidemi-iromini@futa.edu.ng Condition status Water parameters Estuary Heavy metals Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus Abowei J.F.N. (2009) The abundance, condition factor and length-weight relationship of Cynoglossus senegalensis (Kaup, 1858) from Nkoro River Niger Delta, Nigeria. Advance journal of food science and Technology 1(1), 57-62.##Abulude F.O. Fapohunda O.O. & Awanlenhen B.E. (2006) Determination of some heavy metals in Procambaris clakii, Paleamon sp., Macrobranchium vollenhovenii and Penaeus notialis from the Coastal water of Ondo State, Nigeria. Journal of Animal Veterinary Advance 5(1), 38-41.##Aderinola O.J., Clarke E.O., Olarinmoye O.M., Kusemiju V. & Anatekhai M.A. (2009) Heavy Metal in Surface Water, Sediments, Fish and Periwinkles of Lagos Lagoon. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science 5(5), 609-617.##Adejare Q.A., Nwilo P.C., Olusina J.O. & Opaluwa Y.D. (2011) A study of ferry service route network in Lagos Lagoon-Nigeria using graph theory. Journal of Geography and regional Planning 4(6), 326-337.##Ajao E.A. (1996) Review of the state of pollution of the Lagos lagoon. Tech. Pap. Niger. Inst. Oceanogr. Mar. Res (106), p.20.##Ajao E.A., Okoye B.C.O. & Adekanmbi E.O. (1996) Environmental Pollution in the Nigerian Coastal Waters; A case study of the Lagos Lagoon. Water Quality Monitoring and Environmental Status in Nigeria. FEPA Monograph 6, 101-112.##Akan J.C, Abdulrahman F.I., Ogugbuaja V.O. & Ayodele J.T. (2009) Heavy metals and anion levels in some samples of vegetables grown within the vicinity of Challawa indust. Area, Kano state, Nigeria. American Journal of Applied Science 6(3), 534-542.##Amani M. & Al-Jubouri M. (2012) An Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Ultra High Pressures and Temperatures on the Rheological Properties of Water-Based Drilling Fluids. Society of Petroleum Engineers DOI: 10.2118/157219-MS.##Anyanwu P.E. (1991) Influence of salinity a survival of fingerlings of the estuarine catfish Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Lacepede), Aquaculture 199 (1/2), 157-165.##American Public Health Association (APHA). (2005) Standard method for examination of water and wastewater, 21st edn. APHA, AWWA, WPCF, Washington.##Asuquo P.E., Enin U.I. & Job B.E. (2010) Ontogenetic variation in the diet of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Lacepede 1808) in a tropical estuarine ecosystem in Nigeria. In: 25th Annual Conference of the Fisheries Society of Nigeria (FISON), Lagos, Nigeria, 314-318.##Ayoola S.O., Idowu A.A., Babalola O.E. & Ademoye M.K. (2014) Heavy Metals Accumulation and Enzymatic Biomarker in Commercially Important Fish Species (Hemichromis fasciatus and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) at the Landing Site, Bariga, Lagos Lagoon, World Applied Sciences Journal 29 (2), 298-306.##Azeroual A., da CostaL., Lalèyè P. & Moelans T. (2010) Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, IUCN. UK. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/20103. RLTS.T182997A8019531.en.##Davis S.J., Wiegand B.A., Alan C.R. & Chamberlain C.P. (2008) The effect of drainage reorganization on paleoaltimetry studies: An example from the Paleogene Laramide foreland. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 275, 258-268.##Ekanem S.B. (1996) Effects of feeding frequency, moist and dry feeds on the growth of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus Lacepede and on pond water quality. Aquaculture Research 27(2), 107-112.##Elias S.O., Azinge E., Umoren G., Jaja S.I., & Sofola O.A. (2011) Salt sensitivity in normotensive and hypertensive subjects in Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine 21(1), 85-91.##El-Moselhy K.M., Othman A.I., Abd El-Azem H. & El-Metwally M.E.A. (2014) Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in some tissues of fish in the Red Sea. Egypt. Sciences 1 (2) 97 -105.##Emmanuel B.E. & Osibona A.O. (2013) Ichthyofauna characteristics of a tropical low brackish open lagoon in South-western Nigeria. International Journal of Fisheries and aquaculture 5(6), 122-135.##Ezenwa B.I.O., Alegbeleye W.O., Anyanwu P.E. & Uzukwu E.O. (1990) Culturable Fish Seeds in Nigerian Coastal Waters. A research Survey (Second Phase: 1986-1989). Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research. (N.I.O.M.R.) Tech. p. 66, 37.##Ezenwa B.I.O., Kusemiju K. & Olaniyan C.I.O. (1986) Comparative studies of the catfish, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (L) in three isolated geographical areas in Nigeria for breeding purpose. Aquaculture Research African Region Journal 1, 258-262.##FDA, U. and US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) (1993). Guidance documents for trace elements in seafood. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC, USA.##Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Heavy Metal Regulations – Faolex. Legal Notice no. 66/2003. 2003. http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/eri42405.pdf.##Froese R. (2006) Cube law, condition factor and weight-length relationships: history, meta-analysis and recommendations. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 22 (4), 241-253.##George A. P., Luba D. A., Richard D. A., Julie S., Taylor A., Hedy S., Wald A. & Shmuel P. (2013) Introducing technology into medical education: Two pilot studies. Patient Education and Counseling 93, 522-524.##James T. C., Usher J., Campbell S. & Bond U. 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Inhibitory activity of native probiotic Bacillus vallismortis IS03 against pathogenic Vibrio harveyi under in vitro and in vivo conditions in Litopenaeus vannamei 2 2 An excellent alternative for chemical antimicrobial agents to prevent disease in the shrimp aquaculture is the application of effective probiotics. The present study was evaluated the effect of Bacillus vallismortis IS03 as a native probiotic, isolated from digestive tract of Litopenaeus vannamei on pathogenic Vibrio harveyi under in vitro and in vivo circumstances. Co-cultivation of V. harveyi and B. vallismortis showed significantly (P<0.05) decreased the growth of V. harveyi in the treatment groups compared to the control. Cell-free extracts of B. vallismortis IS03 exhibited more appropriate antibacterial effects on replication of V. harveyi. The highest and lowest inhibitory effects were respectively shown in108 and 106 CFU ml-1 of B. vallismortis IS03 cell-free extracts. The probiotic potential of B. vallismortis IS03 was assessed through the groups of control and the experiments 106, 107 and 108 CFU ml-1 salt water once every 3 days from zoea1 process to end point of the study. The probiotic potential of B. vallismortis IS03 was assessed through the groups of control and the experiments 106, 107 and 108 CFU ml-1 salt water once every 3 days from zoea1 process to end point of the study. Shrimp survival was determined after 10 days of challenge with V. harveyi  at 10 5 CFU ml-1 (for the first 5 days) and 10 7 CFU ml-1  (for the second 5 days).The cumulative mortality in the treatment with 108 CFU ml-1 of  B. vallismortis IS03 reached 11.88% compared to 40.63% in the control group. At the end of the trial, total bacterial counts on TSA, total vibrio on TCBS were significantly (P<0.05) lower in the 108 CFU ml-1 treatment group. Bacillus counts on MYP agar in the treatment groups were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the control, also total bacterial counts was lower in the treatment groups, while, no vibrio were grown in the muscle tissues of shrimp treated with probiotics. It is concluded that 108 CFU ml-1 of probiotic, B. vallismortis IS03 has antibacterial efficiency against pathogenic V. harveyi at in vitro and in vivo conditions. 54 66 2018/08/12018/11/152019/09/232019/04/232018/11/22 1397/9/1 2019/10/22019/11/102019/11/72019/10/242019/07/24 1398/5/2 M Mahjoub M Mahjoub Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran IRAN m_mahj2013@yahoo.com M Mirbakhsh M Mirbakhsh Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran IRAN maryam.mirbakhsh@gmail.com M Afsharnasab M Afsharnasab Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran IRAN mafsharnasab@yahoo.com S Kakoolaki S Kakoolaki Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran IRAN bsh443@yahoo.com S Hosseinzadeh S Hosseinzadeh Department of Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran IRAN cd_da@ymail.com Probiotic Bacillus vallismortis Litopenaeus vannamei Vibrio harveyi Ajitha S., Sridhar M., Sridhar N., Singh I.S.B. & Varghese V. (2004) Probiotic effects of lactic acid bacteria against Vibrio alginolyticuys in Penaeus (Fenneropenaeus) indicus (H. Milne Edwards). Asian Fisheries Science 17, 71-80.##Alavandi S.V., Vijayan K.K., Santiago T.C., Poornima M., Jithendran K.P., Ali S.A. & Rajan J.J.S. (2004) Evaluation of Pseudomonas spp. PM 11 and Vibrio fluvialis PM 17 on immune indices of tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 17, 115-120.##Austin B., Stuckey L.F., Robertson P.A.W., Effendi I., Griffith D.R.W. (1995) A probiotic strain of Vibrio alginolyticus effective in reducing diseases caused by Aeromonas salmonicida, Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio ordalii. Journal of Fish Diseases 18(1), 93-96.##Balcazar J.L. & Rojas-Luna T. (2007) Inhibitory activity of probiotic Bacillus subtilis UTM126 against Vibrio species confers protection against vibriosis in juvenile shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Current microbiology 55, 409-412.##Baruzzi F., Quintieri L., Morea M. & Caputo L. (2011) Antimicrobial compounds produced by Bacillus spp. And applications in food. Science against microbial pathogens: Communicating Current Res Technological Advances A. Mendez- Vilas (Ed.), 1102-1111.##Chaurasia B., Pandey A., Palni L.M.S., Trivedi P., Kumar B. & Colvin N. (2005) Diffusible and volatile compounds produced by an antagonistic Bacillus subtilis strain cause structural deformations in pathogenic fungi in vitro. Microbiological research 160, 75-81.##Chio C-H., Guu Y-K., Pan T-M. & Cheng W., (2007) Immune responses and gene expression in white shrimp; Litopenaeus vanammei, induced by Lactobacillus plantarum. Fish Shellfish Immune 31, 196-201.##Chun J., Lee J-H., Jung Y., Kim S., Kim B.K. & Lim Y.W. (2007) Ez Taxomn: a web-based tool for the identification of prokaryotes based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology 57, 2259- 2261.##Chytjanya R., Karunasagar L. & Karunasagar I. 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(1999) Characterization of two Bacillusprobiotics. Appl. Environ. Microbiol 65(9), 4288-4291.##Gullian M., Thompson F. & Rodriguez J. (2004) Selection of probiotic bacteria and study of their immunostimulatory effect in Penaeus vannamei. Aquaculture 233, 1-14.##Holt J.G., Krieg N.R., Sneath P.H.A., Staley J.T. & Williams S.T. (1994) Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp. 260-274.##Immanuel G., Citarasu T., Sivaram V. & Palavesam, A. (2007) Delivery of HUFA probionts and biomedicine through bioencapsulated Artemia as a means to enhance the growth and survival and reduce the pathogenesity in shrimp penaeus monodon postlarvae. Aquaculture International 15, 137-152.##Karunasagar Y., Pai R. & Malaty G.R. (1994) Mass mortality of Penaeus monodon larvae due to antibiotic resistant Vibrio harveyi infection. Aquaculture 128, 203-209.##Kongnum K. & Hongpattarakere T. 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Effect of gamma irradiation on the shelf-life of vacuum-packaged silver carp surimi in 4 °C 2 2 The current study investigates the effect of gamma radiation (0, 1, 3, 5, 7 kGy) and vacuum packaging on shelf-life of silver carp surimi stored at 4 ºC based on variations in pH, peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), total volatile nitrogen bases (TVB-N), free fatty acids (FFA), colorimetric parameters (L*, a*, b*), total viable bacterial count (TVC) and textural profile analysis during 15 days. The results indicated that pH did not change with gamma radiation (P> 0.05). Results of oxidative index showed that PV and TBA in surimi reduced significantly with an increase in gamma radiation (P< 0.05) while their increased by increasing the storage time. Irradiation and the storage time significantly increased TVB-N content (P< 0.05). The increase the radiation dose (up to 7 kGy) and the storage time (up to 15 days) had a significant increasing effect on FFA in refrigerated surimi. Colorimetric evaluations demonstrated that after irradiation, samples had generally higher L*, a*, b* indices. Furthermore, increasing the radiation dose significantly reduced the total bacterial count in surimi samples (P< 0.05), but this parameter exhibited a significant increase (P< 0.05) with increasing storage time. Based on the textural profile analysis it was found that increasing radiation dose and storage time reduced the hardness and chewing ability indices. According to the microbiological and chemical results, the optimal storage time for surimi, compare to the control (0 kGy) treatment, was measured for 7 kGy treatment which could increase the storage time by 3 days compared to the control. 67 82 2018/08/12018/11/152019/09/232019/04/232018/11/222019/08/28 1398/6/6 2019/10/22019/11/102019/11/72019/10/242019/07/242019/10/30 1398/8/8 N Alivand N Alivand Department of Food Science and Technology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran IRAN nadia.alivand@gmail.com L Roomiani L Roomiani Department of Fisheries, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran IRAN l.roomiani@yahoo.com Gamma rays Vacuum packaging Surimi Hypophthalmichtys molitrix Abdeldaiem M.H., Mohammad H.G. & Ramadan F. (2018) Improving the quality of silver carp fish fillets by gamma irradiation and coatings containing rosemary oil. Aquatic Food Product Technology 27 (5), 568-579.##Ahn D.U., Kim I.S. & Lee E.J. 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