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Effects of diets containing dry extracts of Achillea millefolium, Mentha piperita and Echinacea purpurea on growth, hematological and immunological indices in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) 2 2 In this study, the effects of three herbal dry extracts (Achillea millefolium, Mentha piperita and Echinacea purpurea) were investigated on growth, hematological and immunological indices in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). 400 juvenile fish with initial weight of 14.30 ± 0.77g were studied in 10 treatment groups (9 treatment groups & a control) with four replicates for 60 days. Three levels (0.1, 0.5 and 1%) of dry extracts of each herb were prepared according to standard method and added to the commercial common carp feed. At the end of period twelve fish collected out of each group and the parameters were measured. In order to the results, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and complement C4 were not affected by dietary treatments (P>0.05). Red blood cell (RBC) counts in 0.5 and 1%-diet groups as well as Hemoglobin in three levels of all herbs was increased (P≤0.05). Hematocrit in 0.5%, 1%-diet M. piperita and E. purpurea groups was shown significant increases (P≤0.05). Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) in all groups except 0.1% M. piperita group and 0.5% E. purpurea were increased compare with control group (P≤0.05). MCHC in 0.5% E. purpurea and 0.1 and 1% M. piperita groups showed the highest values. Levels of 0.5% M. piperita and 1% E. purpurea and A. millefolium make significantly increases in total leukocytes and neutrophils (P≤0.05). Significantly increases of lymphocytes and decrease of monocytes were observed in levels of 0.5% E. purpurea and 1% level of all herbs groups(P≤0.05). Increased levels of immunoglobulin compared to control were significant only in 1% level of all herbs (P≤0.05). Complement C3 was also increased 1% of A. millefolium and M. piperita groups compared to the control (P≤0.05). All levels of A. millefolium and M. piperita and 1% E. purpurea groups caused a significant increase in lysozyme concentration compare with the control (P≤0.05).  The results indicated all three herb extracts in diet can improve immune responses and hematological parameters in common carp. Comparing these extracts, the M. piperita extract with a lower concentration is more efficient. 1 16 2019/03/30 1398/1/10 2019/04/30 1398/2/10 S Alinezhad S Alinezhad Institute of Agricultural Education and Extension, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran IRAN soheilalinezhad47@gmail.com Medicinal Herb Immunology Hematology Growth indices Common carp Adel M., Safari R., Monji H. & Farabi S.M.V. (2015.a.) The effect of different levels of Mentha piperita on growth performance, survival rate and body composition of Rutilus frisi,I, kutum fry. 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Accessibility the fry of Mugil cephalus to the extract of Camellia sinensis concerning growth performance and haematology indices 2 2 Nowadays, Researchers are looking for approaches to eliminate or minimize the application the antibiotics in aquaculture industry. The purpose of this study was to determine accessibility the fry of Mugil cephalus to Camellia sinensis concerning the growth performance and haematology parameters. One hundred and fifty fry of M. cephalus with an average weight of 2.15 ± 0.08 were collected from Chabahar coastal waters and transferred to the experimental site, under the optimal conditions. This research was based on 3 treatments, one control in triplicates, 0, 50, 100 and 200 ppm of C. sinensis. The main index should be measures in this study were included the growth factors containing mean weight, daily growth, and haematological factors, ultimately. Overall, the results of this study showed that adding 200 mg kg-1 of GTE (Green Tea Extract) of diet resulted in a significant increase in final weight and daily growth index (DGI), especially during the first 4 weeks of fry M. cephalus rearing, compared with the control group. Increasing the green tea extract to diet caused no significant increase in the number of RBC compared to the control. The number of white RBC increased in the treatment containing 200 mg kg-1 of green tea extract. The highest amount of hemoglobin (Hb) was measured in the group of 200 mg kg-1 GTE. The lowest amount of hematocrit (Hct) was observed in the treatment containing 100 mg kg-1 GTE and its highest was measured in treatment containing 200 mg kg-1 GTE. 17 25 2019/03/302018/10/29 1397/8/7 2019/04/302019/01/30 1397/11/10 F Mohammadi F Mohammadi Department of Veterinary, Kermanshah branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran IRAN Forogh_mo58@yahoo.com N Choobkar N Choobkar Department of Fisheries, Kermanshah branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran IRAN nchoobkar20@gmail.com Z Moradi Z Moradi Young Researchers and Elit Club, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, IRAN IRAN zahra.moradi64@yahoo.com Green Tea Extract Fry Mugil cephalus Growth Haematology Abdel-Tawwab M., Ahmad M.H., Seden M.E.A. & Sakr S.F.M. (2010) Use of green tea, Camellia sinensis L., in practical diet for growth and protection of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. 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Enhancement of food safety using nanoemulsion with emphasize on fish food: A Review 2 2 Nanotechnology is an innovative approach that its application has inspiring prospective for controlling and preventing diseases, extending shelf-life of food stuff, and other uses in biology, chemistry or industries. Nanoemulsions are products of a branch of nanotechnology comprising submicron emulsion that also refer to nanoemulsion (r < 100 nm) of which high energy as one of the nanoemulsion production method, includes rotary-stator mixers, high pressure homogenizer, microfluidization, ultrasound and membrane emulsion. Another one, low energy method is classified into isothermal and thermal. Isothermal method is, spontaneous emulsification, solvent displacement, and emulsion phase inversion. Also, from among the thermal methods it can be referred to the most important one of them which is the phase inversion temperature. In the following, the technics for recognition and diagnosis of nanoemulsion structures are discussed and these technics are generally divided into separation, physical properties determination, and imaging technics.   26 44 2019/03/302018/10/292019/01/29 1397/11/9 2019/04/302019/01/302019/04/29 1398/2/9 L Khoshbou Lahijani L Khoshbou Lahijani Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran IRAN leila.khoshbou@gmail.com H Ahari H Ahari Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran IRAN dr.h.ahari@gmail.com A Sharifan A Sharifan Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran IRAN a_sharifan2ooo@yahoo.com High energy methods Low-energy methods Nanoemulsion Antimicrobial properties Ahari H., Hedayati M., Akbari-Adergani B., Kakoolaki S., Hosseini H. & Anvar A. 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(2014) Whey-protein-stabilized nanoemulsions as a potential delivery system for water-insoluble curcumin. LWT-Food science and technology 59(1), 49-58.##Liang R., Xu, S., Shoemaker C. F., Li, Y., Zhong F. & Huang Q. (2012) Physical and antimicrobial properties of peppermint oil nanoemulsions. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 60(30), 7548-7555.##Lu W. C., Huang D. W., Wang C. C., Yeh C. H., Tsai J. C., Huang Y. T. & Li P. H. (2018) Preparation, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of nanoemulsions incorporating citral essential oil. Journal of food and drug analysis 26(1), 82-89.##Mahdi Jafari S., He Y. & Bhandari B. (2006) Nano-emulsion production by sonication and microfluidization - a comparison. International Journal of Food Properties 9(3), 475-485.##McClements D. (2015) Food emulsions: principles, practices, and techniques. Food emulsions: principles, practices, and techniques (Ed. 3).##McClements D., Decker E. & Weiss J. 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Urtica diocia extract-mediated biosynthesis of nanoemulsion as antimicrobial products effected on Sander lucioperca at Refrigerator temperature 2 2 The presence of fish in the family food basket is one of the important goals in completing the food regime, but as fish are highly perishable, use of coverage or active packaging could be benefit. In this research, in order to determine the shelf life of the fish, the effect of nettle extract loaded nanoemulsion and storage temperature (4 and 8 ° C) was investigated. To evaluate the effect of temperature and presence of nanoamulsion, various factors such as chemical, microbial and sensory factors were investigated. The samples were divided into 5 groups, which included control treatment, loaded samples with nanoemulsion containing 1, 2, 3 and 4% nettle extract and each of these samples kept the fresh fish separately at temperatures of 4 and 8 oC. The study of the effect of treatments on chemical properties, peroxide value, total volatile nitrogen (TVN) and microbial characteristics (counting total and microscopic microorganisms) showed that using 4% nanoemulsion of nettle could produce proper properties within 14 days, as well as in the sensory evaluation, which the results also confirmed it. Therefore, the use of nettle nanoemulsion at a level of 4% allowed for 14 days keeping the fish at 4 ° C in optimal quality. 45 56 2019/03/302018/10/292019/01/292019/03/21 1398/1/1 2019/04/302019/01/302019/04/292019/04/30 1398/2/10 N Sadr Isfahani N Sadr Isfahani Department of Food Hygiene, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran IRAN saaa4824@gmail.com S.A.A Anvar S.A.A Anvar Department of Food Hygiene, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran IRAN saaa4824@gmail.com H Ahari H Ahari Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran IRAN dr.h.ahari@gmail.com Urtica diocia nanoemulsion Emulsion Phase Inversion Shelf life Sander lucioperca Alp E. & Aksu M.İ. (2010) Effects of water extract of Urtica dioica L. and modified atmosphere packaging on the shelf life of ground beef. Meat science 86, 468-473.##Alp Erbay E., Dağtekin B.B., Türe M., Yeşilsu A.F. & Torres-Giner S. (2017) Quality improvement of rainbow trout fillets by whey protein isolate coatings containing electrospun poly (ε-caprolactone) nanofibers with Urtica dioica L. extract during storage. LWT 78, 340-351.##Appendini P. & Hotchkiss J.H. (2002) Review of antimicrobial food packaging. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies 3, 113-126.##Erdogrul Ö.T. (2002) Antibacterial activities of some plant extracts used in folk medicine. Pharmaceutical Biology 40, 269-273.##Ganie S., Ghani M. & Nissar Q. (2013) Bioefficacy of plant extracts and biocontrol agents against Alternaria solani. African Journal of Microbiology Research 7, 4397-4402.##Gharibzahedi S.M.T & Mohammadnabi S. (2017) Effect of novel bioactive edible coatings based on jujube gum and nettle oil-loaded nanoemulsions on the shelf-life of Beluga sturgeon fillets. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 95, 769-777.##Goulas A.E. & Kontominas M.G. 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(2012) Antimicrobial assays of natural extracts and their inhibitory effect against Listeria innocua and fish spoilage bacteria, after incorporation into biopolymer edible films. International journal of food microbiology 158, 58-64.##Khajouei M., Peyravi M. & Jahanshahi M. (2017) The potential of nanoparticles for upgrading thin film nanocomposite membranes-a review. Journal of Membrane Science and Research 3, 2-12.##Li H. & Peng L. (2015) Antimicrobial and antioxidant surface modification of cellulose fibers using layer-by-layer deposition of chitosan and lignosulfonates. Carbohydrate polymers, 124, 35-42.##Michiels J., Missotten J., Fremaut D., De Smet S. & Dierick N. (2007) In vitro dose-response of carvacrol, thymol, eugenol and trans-cinnamaldehyde and interaction of combinations for the antimicrobial activity against the pig gut flora. Livestock Science 109, 157-160.##Min B. & Oh J.H. 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Impact of dietary supplementation of Chlorella vulgaris (Beijerinck, 1890) on the growth, antioxidant defense and immune status of the grey mullet, Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) 2 2 The primary aim of the current study has been to examine the impacts of dietary supplementary of Chlorella vulgaris (Beijerinck) powder (CP) different levels on the anti-oxidant enzyme activities, growth, and immune responses of the juvenile Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus). Experimental Fish (15 ± 0.1g) was fed diets enriched with 0 (control), 5, 10, and 15 g CP per kg feed for eight weeks period. After the feeding trial period, the fish were challenged against pathogenic bacteria (Photobacterium damselae (subsp. piscicida)) for evaluating the resistance of infected fish to diseases. According to the results, fish growth performance was significantly improved with increasing CP levels at CP10 and CP15. Antioxidant-stimulated activity was observed with dietary CP where total antioxidant capacities (TAC), glutathione (GSH), and super-oxide dismutase (SOD) augmented, while malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased significantly in fish fed CP. Furthermore, serum lysozyme activity of fish fed three levels of CP has been considerably enhanced in comparison with the control group (p <0.05). Moreover, CP supplementation at 10 and 15 g dose induced kidney phagocyte and respiratory burst activity which was maximized at 15 g CP. Meanwhile, feeding 10 and 15 g of CP diets decreased mortality in M. cephalus after challenge with P. damselae.  The present study indicated the role of optimal doses Chlorella vulgaris extract (10 and 15 g kg -1 feed) on growth and antioxidant defense and immune status of grey mullet.   57 70 2019/03/302018/10/292019/01/292019/03/212019/02/10 1397/11/21 2019/04/302019/01/302019/04/292019/04/302019/05/7 1398/2/17 P Akbary P Akbary Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran IRAN paria.akbary@gmail.com Z Aminikhoei Z Aminikhoei Offshore Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Educations and Extension Organization, Chabahar, Iran IRAN pariaakbary1355@gmail.com Chlorella vulgaris. Mugil cephalus. Kidney phagocytic Respiratory burst Lysozyme Superoxide dismutase (SOD) Andreoni F. & Magnani M. (2014) Photobacteriosis: prevention and diagnosis. Journal of immunolgy Research 2014, 1-7.##Andrews S.R., Sahu N.P., Pal, A.K. & Kumar S. (2009) Haematological modulation and growth of Labeo rohita fingerlings: effect of dietary mannan oligosaccharide, yeast extract, protein hydrolysate and chlorella. Aquaculture Research 41, 61-69.##Ardó L., Yin G., Xu P., Váradi L., Szigeti G., Jeney Z. & Jeney G. (2008) Chinese herbs (Astragalus membranaceus and Lonicera japonica) and boron enhance the non-specific immune response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquaculture 275, 26-33.##Atli G. & Canli M. (2010) Response of antioxidante systemof freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus to acute and chronic metal (Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn, Fe) exposures. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 73, 1884-1889.##Awad E. & Awaad A. (2017) Role of medicinal plants on growth performance and immune status in fish. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 67, 40-54.##Badwy T.M., Ibrahim E. & Zeinhom M. 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Aquaculture 435, 347-353.##Defoirdt T., Boon N., Sorgeloos P., Verstraete W. & Bossier P. (2007) Alternatives to antibiotics to control bacterial infections: luminescent vibriosis in aquaculture as an example. Trends Biotechnology 25, 472-479.##Diler I., Tekinay A.A., Guroy D., Guroy B.K. & Soyuturk M. (2007) Effects of Ulva rigida on the growth, feed intake and body composition of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Journal of Biology Science 7, 305-308.##Doucha, J. (1998) The chlorella programme in the czech republic. Inst Microbiol, Czech Acad Sci, 16.##Ellis A.E. (1990). Lysozyme Assays: In Stolen JS, Fletcher TC, Anderson DP, Roberson BS,Van Muiswinkel WB, editors.Techniques in: Fish Immunology. Fair Haven, NJ: SOS Publications.101-103.##Ergün S., Soyutürk M., Güroy B., Güroy D. & Merrifield D. (2009) Influence of Ulva meal on growth, feed utilization, and body composition of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at two levels of dietary lipid. Aquaculture International 17, 355-361.##FAO I. (2015) The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2015. Meeting the 2015 international hunger targets: taking stock of uneven progress. Food and Agriculture Organization Publications, Rome.##Hasegawa T., Yoshikai Y., Okudam M. & Nomoto K. (1990) Accelerated restoration of the leukocyte number and augmented resistance against Eschericia coli in cyclophosphamide-treated rats orally administered with a hot water extract of Chlorella vulgaris. International Journal of Immunopharmacology 12, 883-891.##Jung J-Y., Damusaru J.H., Park Y., Kim K., Seong M., Je H-W., Kim S. & Bai S.C. (2017) Autotrophic biofloc technology system (ABFT) using Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus positively affects performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Algal Reserch 27, 259-264.##Khani M., Soltani M., Shamsaie Mehrjan M., Foroudi F. & Ghaeni M. 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Identification of some health indicators related to OIE notifiable viral diseases in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) based on the strategic plan for producing Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) broodstock in Iran 2 2 In the year 2017, Iran had fisheries production amounted to 1 million tons, of which the total aquaculture was about 300 thousand tons that 160 thousand tons of aquaculture was regarding Oncorhynchus mykiss. Increase of fish stocking density in the pond results in escalation of the number of nutrients, the stresses and incidence of diseases. Among these diseases viral diseases could be identified in the field of rearing ponds, such as Infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN), Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS) and Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis (IPN). Unlike other projects that sample is taken from fish tissues known as a sample, in this study each farm was selected as a research unit. According to the layout of the work based on different fields; the positive or negative result of the presence of the pathogens was recorded.  However, aquatic samples were collected from Mazandaran province and Yasuj sites, located in north and southwest of Iran, respectively. Based on the results of Mazandaran area, it was revealed that the increase of bio-safety in the pre-broodstock farms did not have a significant difference (p> 0.05) compared with the increase of immunity level or serum antibodies. This index was relatively equal in fish of other areas. Contrarily, in the pre-broodstock farms, the lysozyme value as a non-specific immunity index had a significant increase, which indicates that the upgrading of the bio-safety level can reduce stress and shift the energy directly to the production.   71 82 2019/03/302018/10/292019/01/292019/03/212019/02/102018/03/29 1397/1/9 2019/04/302019/01/302019/04/292019/04/302019/05/72018/07/8 1397/4/17 M.J Zorriehzahra M.J Zorriehzahra Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases Department, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran IRAN zorrieh@yahoo.com S Kakoolaki S Kakoolaki Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases Department, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran IRAN bsh443@gmail.com M Mehrabi M Mehrabi Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases Department, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran IRAN bsh443@gmail.com A Sepahdari A Sepahdari Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases Department, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran IRAN asepahdari@yahoo.com M Ghasemi M Ghasemi Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases Department, Inland Water Aquaculture Research Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Anzali, Iran IRAN bsh443@gmail.com M Yarmohammadi M Yarmohammadi Genetic Department, International Sturgeon Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Rasht, Iran IRAN bsh443@gmail.com M Ghiasi M Ghiasi Department of Aquatic Animals Health and Diseases, Ecology Research Center of the Caspian Sea, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Sari, Iran IRAN bsh443@gmail.com Rainbow trout SPF IPN VHS IHN Iran Ahmadivand S., Soltani M., Behdani M., Evensen Ø., Alirahimi E., Soltani E., Hassanzadeh R. & Ashrafi-Helan J. 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