Evaluationthe effects of different levels of Echinacea purpurea extract on the immunity responses, biochemical and hematological indicesand disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss) 2 2 240 rainbow trout fingerlings weighting 16 gram were randomly allocated into three treatment groups including 0.5, 1.0and 1.5 gr/kg of Echinacea purpurea extract in food, and a control group (without EPE in food), each intriplicates for 60 days. At sampling times, some of hematological and biochemical parameters including C3 and C4 complements, oxygen free radicals, lysozyme activity, and other hemathological parameters were analyzed. Also, at the end of the experiment,fishes challenged with Streptococcus iniae and the mortality was analyzed. However, there were no significant differences in C4, total immunoglobulin, lymphocyte and monocyte (p>0.05). The amount of glucose, serum total protein and albumin decreased at the end of the experiment significantly (p<0.05). In addition, the results showed that mortality percentage in Echinacea treatment group with 1.5 gr/kg concentration was significantly lower than other treatment groups (p<0.05). In conclusion the results haveshown that Echinacea extract had the positive effect on immunity responses of rainbow trout especially in higher concentration (1.5gr/kg). Also, adding Echinacea extract in rainbow trout diet increased the resistance of rainbow trout against S. iniae. 1 13 2017/02/16 1395/11/28 2017/02/16 1395/11/28 M Sharif Rohani M Sharif Rohani Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran-Iran iran R Pourgholam R Pourgholam ranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Caspian Sea Ecology research Center, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sary-Iran iran M Haghighi M Haghighi Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Coldwater Fishes Research Center (CFRC), Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tonekabon-Iran iran bacterial challenge hematology immunology Echinacea purpurea Ahmad M.H., El Mesallamy A.M.D., Samir F. and Zshran F. (2011) Effect of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) on growth performance, feed utilization, whole body composition and resistance to Aeromunas hydrophila in Nile tilapia. Journal of Applied Aquaculture 23, 289-298.##Ardo L., Yin G., Xu P., Varadi L., Szigeti G., Jeney Z. and Jeney G. (2008) Chinese herbs (Astragalus membranaceus and Lonicera japonica) and boron enhance the non-specific immune response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquaculture 275, 26 – 33.##Austin B. and Austin D.A. (2007) Bacterial fish pathogens, Diseases of farmed and wild fish. Springer.##Awad E. and Austin B. (2010) Use of lupin, Lupinus perennis, mango, Mangifera indica, and stinging nettle, Urtica dioica, as feed additives to prevent Aeromonas hydrophila infection in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum).Journal of Fish Diseases 33, 413- 420##Bilen S. and Bulut M. (2010) Effects of Laurel (Laurusnobilis) on the non-specific immune responsesof rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss, Walbaum). Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 9, 1275-1279.## Buller N. B. (2004) Bacteria from fish and other aquatic animals: A practical identification manual. CABI Publishing, Cambridge.## Cao L., Ding W., Zhang L., Jeney G., Yin G. (2008) Effect of the activation of immunological cells in the common carp after stimulation by Lentinan and Astragalus polysaccharides. Journal of Anhui Agricultural University35, 219–223.##Castro S.B.R., Leal C.A.G., Freire F.R., Carvalho D.A., Oliveira D.F. and Figueiredo H.C.P. (2008) Antibacterial activity of plant extracts from Brazil against fish pathogenic bacteria. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 39(4),756-760.## Choi S.H., Park K.H., Yoon T.J., Kim J.B., Jang Y.S. and Choe C.H. (2008) Dietary Korean misteleto enhances cellular non-specific immune responses and survival of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). Fish and Shellfish Immunology 24, 67-73.##Christybapita D., Divyagnaneswari M. and Michael D. (2007) Oral administration of Eclipta alba leaf aqueous extract enhances the non-specific immune responses and disease resistance of Oreochromis mossambicus. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 23, 840-852. ##Dugenci S.K., Arda N., Candan A. (2003) Some medicinal plants as immunostimulant for fish. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 88, 99–106.##Ellis A.E. (1990) Lysozoyme assays. In: techniques in fish immunology (ed. By J.S. stolen, T.C fletcher, D.P. Anderson, B.S.Robertson & W.B. Vanmuisvinkel), pp. 101-103 . S.O.S Publications, FAIR Haven , NJ, USA##Ellis A.E. (2001) Innate host defence mechanism of fish against viruses and bacteria. Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 25, 827-839.## Galina J., Yin G., Ardo L. and Jeney Z. (2009) The Use of Immunostimulating herbs in fish. An overview of research, Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 35,669 – 676.## Gopalakannan A and Arul V. (2006) Immunomodulatory effects of dietary intake of chitin, chitosan and levamisole on the immune system of Cyprinus carpio and control of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in ponds. Aquaculture 255, 179-187. ##Hajibeglu A. and Sudagar M. (2010) Immune response of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed with herbal immunostimulants diets. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 9(13), 1839- 1897.##Harikrishnan R., Balasundaram C. and Heo M.S. (2010) Herbal supplementation diets on hematology and innate immunity in goldfish against Aeromonas hydrophila. Shellfish Immunology 28, 354-361.## Holland M.C.H. and Lambris J.D. (2002) The complement system in teleosts. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 12, 399-420.## Ivanova N.T. (1983) Atlas of Fish Blood Cells. LPP Mosacow, Russia (In Russian). ##Jian J. and Wu Z. (2003) Effects of traditional Chinese medicine on nonspecific immunity and disease resistance of large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea (Richardson). Aquaculture 218, 1-9.##Jian J. and Wu Z. (2004) Influence of traditional Chinese medicine on non specific immunity of Jian Carp (Cyprinuscarpio var. Jian). Fish and Shellfish Immunology 16, 185-191. ##Johnson A.M., Rohlfs E.M.and Silverman L.M. (1999) Textbook of clinical chemistry In: Tietztextbook of clinical chemistry (ed. by C.A.Burtis, E.K.Ashwood), pp.12-507. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders company.##Liaghat M., Akhlaghi M., Hosseini A., Nematollahi A. and Hosseini S.M. (2011) Humoral and nonspecific immune responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) naturally exposed to and immunized with Streptococcus iniae. International Journal of Veterinary Research 5, 218-224.## Maqsood S., Samoon M.H. and Singh P. (2009) Immunostimulatory and growth promoting effect of dietary levamisole in Cyprinus carpio fingerlings against the challenge of Aeromonas hydrophila. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences9, 111-120. ##Maqsood S., Singh P., Samoon M.H. and Munir K. (2011) Emerging role of immunostimulants in combating the disease outbreak in aquaculture. International Aquatic Research 3, 147-163.##Mathews E.S., Warinner J.E. and Weeks B.A. (1990) Assay of immune function in fish macrophages. In: Techniques in Fish Immunology (ed. by J.S. Stolen, T.C. Fletcher, D.P.Anderson, B.S.Roberson, W.B. van Muiswinkel), pp. 155-163. SOS publications.##Melchart D., Walther E., Linde K., Brandmier R. and Lersch C. (1998) Echinacea Root Extracts for the prevention of upper Respiratory Tract infections. American Medical Association 7, 541 – 545.## Morrazoni P., Cristoni A., Di Pierro F., Avanzini C., Ravarino D., Stornello S., Zucca M. and Musso T. (2005) In vitro and in vivo immune stimulating effects of a new standardized Echinacea angustifolia root extract (Polinacea). Fitoterapia 76 , 401– 411.##Oskoii S.B., Kohyani A.T., Parseh A., Salati A.P. andSadeghi E. (2012) Effects of dietary administration of Echinacea purpurea on growth indices and biochemical and hematological indices in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 38(4), 1029-34.##Pachanawan A., Phumkhachorn P.and Rattanachaikunsopon P. (2008) Potential of Psidium guajava supplemented fish diets in controlling Aeromonas hydrophila infection in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 106, 419-24. ##Peddie S. and Secombes C.J. (2003) The Immunostimulatory effects of Chevimmun in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). European Association of Fish Pathologists 23, 48 – 51.## Rao Y.V., Das B.K., Pradhan J. and Chakrabarti R. (2006) Effect of Achyranthes aspera on the immunity and survival of Labeo rohita infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 20, 263-273.## Rodas B.A., Angulo J.O., Cruz J. and Garcia H.S. (2002) Preparation of probiotic butter milk with Lactobacillus reuteri. Milchwissenschoff Milk Science International 57, 26-28.##Secombes C.J. (1996) The non-specific immune system: cellular defenses. In: The fish immune system: organism, pathogens and environment (ed. by G.Iwama, T. Nakanishi), pp. 63-103. CA Academic Press San Diago.## Shahsavani D., Mohri M. and GholipourKanani H.( 2010) Determination of normal values of some blood serum enzymes in Acipenser stellatus Pallas. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 36, 39–43.## Soudi S., Hashemi S.M., ZavaranHosseini A., Ghaemi A. and AsghariJafarabadi M.(2007)Anti leishmanial Effect of Echinaceae purpurea root extract cultivated in Iran, Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 6(2), 147 – 149.## Stimpel M., Proksch A., WagnerH.and Lohman M.L. (1984) Macrophage activation an induction of macrophage cytotoxicity by purified polysaccharide fraction from the plant Echinacea purpurea. Infection and Immunity 46, 845-849.## Subeena Begum S. and Navaraj P.S (2012) Synergistic effect of plant extract supplemented diets on immunity and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in Mystus. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 2(4), 30-36.## Uribe C., Folch H., Enriquez R. and Moran G. (2011) Innate and adaptive immunity in teleost fish: A review. Veterinarni Medicina 10, 486- 503. ## Whicher J. (1996) Complement Component. In: Serum proteins in clinical medicine (ed.by R.F. Richie, O. Novolotskaia), pp. 1- 7.Foundation for Blood Research, Scarborough.##Xu D.J., Xia Q., Wang J.J., Wang P.P. (2008) Molecular Weight and Monosaccharide Composition of Astragalus polysaccharides. Molecules 13, 2408-2415.## Yin G., Wiegertjes G., Li Y., Schrama J., Verreth J., Xu P. and Zhou H. (2004) Effect of Astragalus radix on proliferation and nitric oxide production of head kidney macrophages in Cyprinus carpio: an in vitro study. Journal of Fisheries of China28, 628-632.## Yin G., Adro K.D., Thompson A., Adams A., Jeney Z. and Jeney G. (2009) Chinese herbs (Astragalus radix and Gonoderma lucidum) enhance immune response of carp, Cyprinuscarpio and protection against Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish and Shellfish Immunology26,140-145 ## ##

The efficacy of Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) methanol extract on growth performance in grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) 2 2 This experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different levels of Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) methanol extract on the growth performances (final weight (FW), daily growth ratio (DGR), feed conversion rate (FCR), voluntary feed intake (VFI) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) and some of hematological parameters (hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 360 of larvae (with average weight of 0.75±0.03g) in 4 treatments: control group without using Echinacea extract, an another groups (treatment 2, 3 and 4) the amounts of this extract were 50,100 and 200 g/kg food. The highest FW (4.22±0.11g), DGI (1.72±0.50%) and the lowest FCR (0.95±0.05) and VFI (1.77±0.05%), were observed in treatment 4. But treatment 4 in all of these growth parameters did not show a significant difference compared with treatment 3 (P> 0.05). After 60 days, treatments 3 and 4, showed significantly higher RBC, WBC, Hb and Hct than those fed the control diet. Finally, the present results suggest that diet containing 100 and 200 g kg-1 extract could improve growth and hematological parameter of M. cephalus. 14 24 2017/02/162017/02/16 1395/11/28 2017/02/162017/02/16 1395/11/28 P Akbary P Akbary Department of Marine Sciences, Chabahar Maritime University, Fisheries group, Chabahar, Iran iran S Kakoolaki S Kakoolaki ranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran iran H Salehi H Salehi ranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran iran m j Zorriehzahra m j Zorriehzahra ranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran iran A Sepahdari A Sepahdari ranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran iran M R Mehrabi M R Mehrabi ranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran iran S Jadgal S Jadgal Offshore Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Chabahar, Iran iran Mugil cephalus Echinacea purpurea Methanol extract Growth yield Hematological parameter. Aly S.M., John G., El-Naggar G. & Mohamed F. (2007 ) Effect of Echinacea on body gain, survival and some hematological and immunological parameters of Oreochromis niloticus and their response to challenge infection. . Egypt Journal of Aquatic Biological Fish 113, 435-445.## Choi Y.H., Lee B.J. & Nam T.J. (2015) Effect of dietary inclusion of Pyropia yezoensis extract on biochemical andimmune responses of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus Aquaculture 435 .347-353.## Citarasu T., Sekar R.R., Babu M.M. & Marian M.P. ( 2002) Developing Artemia enriched herbal diet for producing quality larvae in Penaeus monodon. . Asian Fisheries Science, 15, 21-32.## Goldenfarb P.B., Bowyer F.P., Hall T. & Brosious E. (1971) Reproductibility in the hematology laboratory: the microhematocrit determination. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 56, 35-39.## Guz L., Sopinska A. & Oniszczuk T. (2011 ) Effect of Echinacea purpureaon growth and survival of guppy (Poecilia reticulata) challenged with Aeromonas bestiarum. . Aquacultur Nutrient 17, 695-700.## Jayaprakas V. & Sambhu C. (1996 ) Growth response of white prawn, Penaeus indicus to dietary L-carnitine Asian Fisheries Society 9, 209-219.## Kasiri M., Farahi A. & Sudagar M. (2011) Effects of supplemented diets by levamisole and Echinacea purpurea extract on growth and reproductive parameters in angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare). Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation International Journal of the Bioflux Society 4, 46-51.##Lee R.G., Foerster J., Jukens J., Paraskevas F., Greer J.P. & Rodgers G.M. (1998) Wintrobe’s-Clinical Hematology, 10rd edn. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, New York.##Maass N., Bauer J., Paulicks B.R., Bohmer B.M. & Roth-Maier D.A. (2005 ) Efficiency of Echinacea purpurea on growth performance and immune status in pig. . Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 89, 244-252.##Nwabueze A.A. (2012) The Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) on Growth and Haematological Parameters of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Sustainable Agriculture Research 1, 222-228.## Oskoii S.B., Kohyani A.T., Parseh A., Salati A.P. & Sadeghi E. ( 2012) Effects of dietary administration of Echinacea purpurea on growth indices and biochemical and hematological indices in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 38(4), 1029- 1034.##Sahu S., Das B.K., Mishra B.K., Pradhan J. & Sarangi N. (2007) Effect of Allium sativum on the immunity and survival of Labeo rohita infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Journal of Appled Ichthyology 23, 80-86.## Shalaby A.M., Khattab Y.M. & Abdel Rahman A.M. (2006) Effects of garlic (Allium sativum) and chloramphenicol on growth performance, physiological parameters and survival of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). . Journal of Venomous Animimals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases 12, 172-201.## Shaluei F., Hedayati A., Jahanbakhshi A. & Baghfalaki M. (2012) Physiological responses of great sturgeon (Huso huso) to different concentrations of 2-phenoxyethanol as an anesthetic. . Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 38, 1627-1634.## Sivaram V., Babu M.M., Citarasu T., Immanuel G., Murugadass S. & Marian M.P. (2004 ) Growth and immune response of juvenile greasy groupers (Epinephelus tauvina) fed with herbal antibacterial active principle supplemented diets against Vibrio harveyi infections. . Aquaculture 237, 9-20.## Turan C., Gürlek M., Ergüden D., Yağlioğlu D. & Öztürka B. (2011 ) "Systematic status of nine Mullet species (Mugillidae) in the Mediterranean Sea. ." Turkish Journal of Fish Aquatic Science 11, 315-321.## ##

Measurement the heavy metals content (Cd, Ni and Pb) in the muscle tissue of Psettodes erumei and Psettodes erumei of the Qeshm Island (Persian Gulf) 2 2 This study conducted to determine the amount of the heavy metals such as Cd, Ni, and Pb in the muscle tissue of Hoof benthic fish (Psettodes erumei) and urban pelagic fish () in Qeshm Island in the north of the Persian Gulf. Overall, the heavy metal content Lethrinus nebulosus of 30 tissue samples was randomly measured by atomic absorption spectrometer. The mean amount of Cd (0.16+ 0.002 ) and Ni( 0.56+ 0.03 ) in benthic Hoof was significantly greater than that in the Urban pelagic fish while the concentration of (29.64+ 3.72) in urban pelagic fish was higher than that in the Hoof tissue samples (P<0.05). Our results showed that the concentration of the three measured heavy metals in the fishes studied was less than the standard levels proposed by WHO and FAO 25 33 2017/02/162017/02/162017/02/16 1395/11/28 2017/02/162017/02/162017/02/16 1395/11/28 S Gholami S Gholami Department of Environment, Bandarabbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandarabbas, Iran iran S Aghanajafizadeh S Aghanajafizadeh Department of Environment, Maybod Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maybod, Iran iran M Naderi M Naderi Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, Iran iran Hygienic standards water pollution Persian Gulf Qeshm Island Iran Agah H., Leermakers M., Elskens M., Fatemi S.M. & Baeyens W. ( 2009) Accumulation of trace metals in the muscle and liver tissues of five species from the Persian Gulf. Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 157, 499-514.## Agusa T., Kunito T., Yasunaga G.H., Iwata A., Subramanian Ismail A. & Tanabe S. (2005) Concentrations of trace elements in marine fish and its risk assessment in Malaysia. Journal of Marine Pollution 51, 896 - 911.## Ardalan A.A., Khoshkhoo Z., Rabbani M. & Moini S. (2004) Comparative study for heavy metals concentration (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, and Hg) in water, sediments and soft tissue of Anzali lagoon Anodont (Anodonta cygnea) sampled in two seasons, Autumn and Spring. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi 73, 103-113.## (In Persian). Babel S. & Kurniawan T.A. ( 2004) Cr removal from synthetic wastewater using coconut shell charcoal and commercial activated carbon modified with oxidizing agents and/ or chitosan. Chemosphere 54, 951-967. ## Barone G., GiacominelliStuffler R & Storelli S. (2013) Comparative study on trace metal accumulation in the liver of two fish species (Torpedinidae): Concentration–size relationship. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 97, 73- 77.## Biney C.A. & Ameyibor E. (1992) Trace Metal Concentrations in the Pink Shrimp Penaeus notialis from the Coast of Ghana. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 63, 273-279.## Chen M. (2001) Bioavailability and Bioequivalence: An FDA Regulatory Overview. Pharmaceutical Research 12, 1645-165.## Cogun H.Y., Yuzereroglu T.A., Kargin F. & Firat O. ( 2005) Seasonal variation and tissue distribution of heavy metals in shrimp and fish species from the Yumurtalik coast of Iskenderun Gulf, Mediterranean. Journal of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 75, 707- 713.## Cogun H.Y., Yuzereroglu T.A., Firat O., Gok G. & Kargin F. (2006) Metal concentrations in fish species from the Northeast Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 121, 431- 438.## Collete B.B. & Nauen C.E. (1983) Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. FAO Species Catalog 2.## Darmono D. & Denton G.W. (1990) Heavy metal concentrations in the banana prawn,Penaeus merguiensis and leader prawn, P. monodon, in the Townsville Region of Australia. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination Toxicology 44, 479-486. ## Demina I., Serebryakova M.V., Ladygina V.G., Rogova M.A., Zgoda V.G. & Korzhenevskyi D.A. (2009) Proteome of the bacterium Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Biochemistry 74, 165–174.## European Commission (E.C.) ( 2005) As regards heavy metals. Official Journal of the European. Gerhardt A. (1992) Effects of subacute doses of iron on Leptophlebia marginata (Insecta: Ephemerooptera). Freshwater Biology 27, 79- 84.## Giguere A., Campbell P.C., Hare L., McDonald D.G. & Rasmussen J.B. (2004) Influence of lake chemistry and fish age on cadmium, copper and zinc concentrations in various organs of indigenous yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, 702-716.## Gupta A., Rai DK., Pandey RS. & Sharma B. ( 2009) Analysis of some heavy metals in the riverine water, sediment and fish from river Ganges at Allahabad. Environment Monitoring Assess 157, 449-458.## Huss H.H. (1994) Assurance of Seafood Quality. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, 334.##Linnik P.M. & Zubenko I.B. (2000) Role of bottom sediments in the secondary pollution of aquatic environments by heavy-metal compounds. Lakes and Reservoirs. Research and Management 5, 11-21.##Madkour N.K. (2012) The beneficial role of celery oil in lowering of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced testicular damage. Toxicological Industrial Health53, 112-118.## MAF F. ( 1995) Monitoring and surveillance of non-radioactive contaminants in the aquatic environment and activities regulating the disposal of wastes at sea. Aquatic Environment Monitoring. Directorate of Fisheries Research 44, 220-225.## Malik N., Biswas A.K., Qureeshi T.A., Borana K. & Virha R. (2010) Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish tissues of a freshwater lake of Bhopal. Environmental Monitoring Assessment 160, 267-276.## Nauen C.E. ( 1983) Compilation of Legal Limits for Hazardous Substances in Fish and Fishery Products. FAO Fisheries Circular, 764.## Nehring B.R., Nisson R. & Minasian G. (1979) Reliability of aqua tic insects versus water samples as measures of aquatic lead pollution. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and toxicology 22, 10 –108.## Netpae T. & Phalaraksh C. ( 2009) Water quality and heavy metal monitoring in water, sediments, and tissues of Corbicula sp. From Bung Boraphet Reservoir, Thailand. Chiang Mai. Journal of Science 36, 395-402.## Rainbow P.S. (2007) Trace metal bioaccumulation: Models, metabolic availability and toxicity. Environment International 33, 576- 582. ##Romeo M., Siau Y., Sidoumou Z. & Gnassiabarelli M. (1999) Heavy metal distribution in different fish species from the Mauritania coast. Journal of Scientific Total Environment 232, 169-75.## Sahebi Z. & Emtyazjoo M. ( 2011) Permissible consumption limits of mercury, cadmium and lead existed in Otolithes ruber: Advances Environmental Biology 5, 920-928.## Tepe Y. & Turkmenand T.A. (2008) Assessment of heavy metals in two commercial fish species of four Turkish seas. Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 146, 277-284.## ##

Occurrence and histopathological effect of Ligula intestinalis on Sea bream (Abramis brama Orientalis) 2 2 Ligula intestinalis originally is belongs to Cestoda parasite that infests a range of fish family especially Cyprinidae. It is also a zoonosis parasite that affects fish and probably human health. This study tried to isolate L. intestinalis from Sea bream (Abramis brama Orientalis), an species classified in family, Cyprinidae, from Caspian Sea. Sixty Sea bream were caught from Caspian Sea, Babolsar Fisheries port. Among that, 26.66% were infected with L. intestinalis. The tissues of infected fishes including gonads, liver and kidney were examined for pathological findings. Ovaries changes showed fibrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, atrophy of oocytes; testicular hyperemia, necrosis, fibrosis and degeneration; kidneys necrosis, destruction of tubules, vacuolar degeneration; and liver vacuolar degeneration, biliary duct hyperplasia, necrosis, lymphatic vessel dilatation, fibrosis and cholestasis. Considering the effect of L. intestinalis on fish and human health, the prevention programs to disturb the cycle of parasite and more monitoring studies in fish epidemiology especially food fish are recommended. 34 43 2017/02/162017/02/162017/02/162017/02/16 1395/11/28 2017/02/162017/02/162017/02/162017/02/16 1395/11/28 A Bozorgnia A Bozorgnia Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Ghaemshahr branch, Ghaemshahr, Iran iran Sh Omidzahir Sh Omidzahir Faculty of Marine Sciences, University of Mazandaran,Babolsar, Iran iran S M Hoseini S M Hoseini Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Babol branch, Babol, Iran iran Sh Darzi Sh Darzi Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Ghaemshahr branch, Ghaemshahr, Iran iran Ligula intestinalis Abramis brama Histopathology Abowei J.F.N. & Ezekie E.N. (2011) Trematoda, Tape Worms: Infections by Larval and Other Tape Worms; and Nematoda in African Fish (A Review). International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 3(5), 352- 366.##Ahmadiara E., Hosseini S.H., Jalousian F., Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi H.A., Sakhaiifar S., &Gerami Sadeghian A. (2013) The study of the plerocercoid of diphyllobothriidae (cestoda, pseudophyllidea) in two cyprinid hosts, Abramis brama and Alburnoides bipunctatus from north and northwest of Iran. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine7(2), 103-10.## Bancroft J.D., Gamble M. (2007) Theory and Practice of HistologicalTechniques6 thed. Churchill Livingstone.##Barber I. & Wright H. (2005) Effects of parasites on fish behavior: interactions with host physiology. Behavior and Physiology of Fish24, 122-139.## Bush A.O., Lafferty K.D., Lotz J.M. and Shostak A.W. (1997) Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms: Margolis et al. revisited. Journal of Parasitology 83, 575–583.## Bychowsky B.E. (1949) Monogenetic trematods of some fish of Iran collected by E.N. Pavlowsky. Trudi Zoologicheskovo Instituta Akademiya 8(4), 870-878.## Carter V., Pierce R., Dufour S., Arme C. & Hoole D. (2005) The tapeworm Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) inhibits LH expression and puberty in its teleost host, Rutilus rutilus. Reproduction 130, 939–945. ##Gusseve A.V. (1983) Methods for collecting and processing of fish parasiticmonogenean materials.Nauka, USSR, Leningrad. (In Russian). Geraudie P., Boulange L., Gerbron M., Hinfray N., Brion F. & Minier C. (2009) Endocrine effects of the tapeworm Ligula intestinalis in its teleost host, the roach (Rutilus rutilus). Parasitology136, 1–8.##Geraldine loot, Jean-Luc Giraudel, Sovan lek (2002) A non-destructive morphometric technique to predict Ligulae intestinalis plerocercoid load in roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) abdominal cavity. Ecological Modeling Journal 156(115):1-11. ## Innal D., Keskin N., Erk’akan F. (2007) Distribution of Ligula intestinalis in Turkey.Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 7, 19-22.## JalaliB. & Barzegar M. (2006) Fish Parasites in Zarivar Lake. Journal of Agriculture Science and Technology 8, 47-58.## Martin-Skilton R., Lavado R., Thibaut R., Minier C. & Porte C. (2006) First evidence of endocrine disruption in red mullets (Mullus barbatus) from the NW Mediterranean Sea. Environmental Pollution 141, 60–68.## Parsa Khanghah A., Mojazi Amiri B., Sharifpour I., Jalali Jafari B.& Motalebi A. (2011) Gonads tissue changes of Chalcalburnus mossulensis(Heckel, 1843) infected by Ligula intestinalis (cestoda). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences10 (1), 85-94.## Pazouki J., Masoumian M., Yahyazadeh M. & Abbasi, J. (2007) Metazoan parasites from freshwater fishes of northwest. Iranian Journal Agriculture Science and Technology, 25-30.## Rahmati-holasoo H., Hajimohammadi B., Ahmadiara E., Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi H.A., Rostami-bashman M., Haghighi khiabanian asl A., Sohrabi Haghdoost I., Shokrpoor S.& Ghorbanalipour A. (2011) A study of infestation of Alburnoides bipunctatus with Ligula intestinalis in Latian reservoir Dam Lake, Tehran province, Iran: A histopathological study. Human & Veterinary Medicine International Journal of the Bioflux Society, 3(1) 18-24.## Scholz T., Kuchta R., Shinn A. P., Snabel V. and Hanzelova V. (2006) Host Specificity and geographical distribution of Eupatorium in European salmonid Fish. Journal of Helminthology 77, 225-62.## Taylor M. J.& Hoole D. (1995) The chemiluminescence of cyprinid leucocytes in response to zymosan and extracts of Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda). Fish and Shellfish Immunology 5, 191–198.## Urdeş L.& Hangan M. 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Effect of different concentration of profitable Bacillus on bioremediation of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) pond discharge 2 2 A 4 days study was conducted to determine the effects of Different concentration of bioaugmentor bacterial strain Bacillus licheniformisi, B. subtilis, B. polymyxa, B. laterosporus and B. circulans (Protexin Aquatech, UK) on adjustment of parameters of water quality as TAN, NO2-N, NO3-N and turbidity from the effluent of Common Carp ponds. Effects of time and concentration were studied as a completely randomized split-plot design. Time and concentration and their interaction had a significant difference (P<0.05) on changes of total ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and turbidity. The total counts of bacteria recorded in the water of bioremedated tanks were also lower than that in the control tank. 44 54 2017/02/162017/02/162017/02/162017/02/162017/02/17 1395/11/29 2017/02/162017/02/162017/02/162017/02/162017/02/17 1395/11/29 M Naderi Samani M Naderi Samani 1 Ph.D student of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran iran H Jafaryan H Jafaryan Department of Fishery, Gonbad University of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources, Gonbad, Iran iran H Gholipour H Gholipour Department of Fishery, Gonbad University of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources, Gonbad, Iran iran M Harsij M Harsij Department of Fishery, Gonbad University of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources, Gonbad, Iran iran M Farhangi M Farhangi Department of Fishery, Gonbad University of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources, Gonbad, Iran iran Bacillus bacterial treatment parameters of water quality bioremediation Abraham J.T., Shanmugham S.A., Uma A., Palaniappan R. & Dhevendaran K. (2001) Biocontrol of shrimp bacterial pathogens using penaeid larvae associated bacterium, Alteromonas sp. Journal of aquaculture in the tropics 16, 11-22.##Akpor O. B. & Muchie M. (2010) Bioremediation of polluted wastewater influent: Phosphorus and nitrogen removal. Scientific Research and Essays 5, 3222-3230.## Ayyappan S. & Mishra S. (2003) Bioamelioration in aquaculture with a special reference to nitrifying bacteria. In: Aquaculture Medicine (ed. by I.S.B. Singh, S.S. Pai, R. Philip and A. Mohandas), pp. 89-107.CFDDM, CUSAT, India.## Boyd C.E., Hollerman W.D., Plumb J.A. & Saeed M. (1984) Effect of treatment with a commercial bacterial suspension on water quality in channel catfish ponds. The progressive Fish-Culturist 46, 36-40.##Burford MA., Thompson P.J., McIntosh R.P., Bauman R.H. & Pearson D.C. (2003) Nutrient and microbial dynamics in high-intensity, zeroexchange shrimp ponds in Belize. Aquaculture 219, 393–411.## Devaraja T.N., Yusoff F.M. & Shariff M. (2002) Changes in bacterial population and shrimp production in ponds treated with commercial microbial products. Aquaculture 206, 245–256.## Eding E.H., Kamstra A., Verreth J.A.J., Huisman E.A. & Klapwijk A. (2006) Design and operation of nitrifying trickling filters in recirculating aquaculture: A review.Aquacultural Engineering 34, 234–260.##Gatesoupe F.J. (1999) The use of probiotics in aquaculture. Aquaculture 180, 147–165.## Ghosh Sh., Sinha A. & Sahu Ch. (2008) Bioaugmentation in the growth and water quality of livebearing ornamental fishes. Aquaculture International 16, 393–403.## Gupta A.B. & Gupta S.K. (2001) Simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal from high strength domestic wastewater in an aerobic RBC biofilm. Water Research 35, 1714–1722.##Jafaryan H., Soltani M., Noferesti H. & Ebrahimi P. (2011) Effect of adding probiotics into the rearing tanks of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella ) for the exploitation of Artemia urmiana, Artemia fransiscana and Artemia parthenogenetica Nauplii. International Journal of Veterinary Research 3, 125-128.##Joseph D. & Edwards P.E. (1995) Industrial Wastewater Engineering. Seattle, WA 98103.##Kim J.K, Joo Park K., Sook Cho K., Nam S.W., Park T.J. & Bajpai R. (2005) Aerobic nitrification–denitrification by heterotrophic Bacillus strains. Bioresource Technology 96, 1897–1906. ## Koops H.P. & Moller U.C. (1992) The lithotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. In: The prokaryotes (ed. by A. Balows, HG.Truper, M. Dworkin, W. Harder and K.H. Schleifer ),pp. 2625–2637. Springer, Berlin, Germany.##Liu F. & Han W. (2004) Reuse strategy of wastewater in prawn nursery by microbial remediation. Aquaculture 230, 281–296.## Makridis P., Bergh Ø., Skjermo J. & Vadstein O. (2001) Addition of bacteria bioencapsulated in Artemia metanauplii to a rearing system for halibut larvae. Aquaculture International 9, 225–235.## Metcalf X. & Eddy X. (2003) Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse. In: Wastewater Engineering, Treatment, Disposal and Reuse (ed. by G. Techobanoglous, F.L. Burtonand H.D. Stensel ). Tata McGraw- Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, India. ##Mevel G. & Prieur D. (2000) Heterotrophic nitrification by a thermophilic Bacillus species as influenced by different culture conditions. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 46, 465–473.## Moriarty D.J.W. (1998) Control of luminous Vibrio species in penaeid aquaculture ponds. Aquaculture 164, 351-358.## Nogami K. & Maeda M. (1992) Bacteria as biocontrol agents for rearing larvae of the crab Portunus trituberculatus. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, 2373–2376.## rabhu N.M., Nazar A.R., Rajagopal S. & Khan S.A. (1999) Use of probiotics in water quality management during shrimp culture. Journal of Aquaculture in the Tropics. 14, 227–236.## Queiroz J.F. & Boyd C.E. (1998) Effects of a bacterial inoculum in channel catfish ponds. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 29, 67–73.## Ravi V., Khan S.A. & Rajagopal S. (1998) Influence of probiotics on growth of Indian white prawn Penaeus indicus. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 57¸752–756.## Rengpipat S., Phianphak W., Piyatiratitivorakul S. & Menasveta P.(1998) Effects of probiotic bacterium on black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon survival and growth. Aquaculture 167, 301–313.## Sharma O.P. & Bhukhar S.K.S. (2000) Effect of Aquazyn-TM-1000, a probiotic on the water quality and growth of Cyprinus carpio var. communis (L.) . Indian Journal Of Fisheries 47, 209-213##Singh I.S.B. & Radhika M.H. (2001) Photosynthetic sulphur bacterium in the bioremediation of hydrogen sulphide toxicity in grow-out systems. In: National Workshop on Aquaculture Medicines, January18-20, 2001. Abstracts, CFDDM,SES, CUSAT, India, 47-49.## Skjermo J. & Vadstein O. (1999) Techniques for microbial control in the intensive rearing of marine larvae. Aquaculture 177, 333–343. ##Tiedje J.M. (1988) Ecology of denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, in: A.J.B. Zehnder (Ed.). Biology of Anaerobic Microorganisms 179–244. ##Van Rijn J., Fonarev N. & Berkowitz B. (1995) Anaerobic treatment of fish culture effluents: digestion of fish feed and release of volatile fatty acids. Aquaculture 33, 9– 20.## van Rijn J. & Nussinovitch A. ( 1997) An empirical model for predicting degradation of organic matter in fish culture systems based on short-term observations. Aquaculture 154, 173– 179.## Verschuere L., Rombaut G., Sorgeloos P & verstraete W. (2000) Probiotic bacteria as biological control agents in aquaculture. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 64, 655-671.##Vezzulli L., Pruzzo C. & Fabiano M. (2004) Response of the bacterial community to in situ bioremediation of organic-rich sediments. Marine Pollution Bulletin 49, 740–751.## Wang Y.; Li J. & Lin J. (2008) Probiotics in aquaculture: challenges and outlook. Aquaculture 281, 1-4.## Watanabe K. (2002) Linking genetics, physiology and ecology: an interdisciplinary approach for advancing bioremediation. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 94, 557-562.## ## Zhao S.h., Hu N., Chen Z., Zhao B. & Liang Y.(2009) Bioremediation of reclaimed Wastewater used as landscapeWater by using the denitrifying bacterium Bacillus cereus. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 83, 337-340.## Zhou Q., L.i K., Jun X. & Bo, L. (2009) Role and functions of beneficial microorganisms in sustainable aquaculture. Bioresource Technology 100, 3780–3786.## ##

The Effects of Dietary Probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici on the Growth Performance and Survival rate of Oriental Bream Fry (Abramis brama orientalis) 2 2 The present study tried to investigate the effects of probiotic, Pediococcus acidilactici in concentrations of 1× 109, 2× 109 and 3×109cfu kg-1 diet on growth and survival rate of oriental bream fry (Abramis brama orientalis, Berg 1949) in comparison to control diet (devoid of probiotic) for 60 days. In so doing, 180 specimens of oriental bream with initial weight of 2.69± 0.22 g were divided randomly into12 fiberglass tanks (capacity 110 l).They were fed at 3-5 percent body weight daily. A the end of the trial, growth and survival rates were measured. The best growth performance was viewed in treatments rather than the control because of the improvement of gut microflora balance, which performed by probiotic P. acidilactici, following by the enzyme secretion for increasing nutrient digestibility and fish appetite. The best bodyweight gain, specific and daily growth rates, and the lowest feed conversion ratio was observed in treatment, feeding with diet containing 2× 109cfu kg-1 diet (P<0.05). The results of the current study revealed that it is the role of probiotic, P. acidilactici to the diet of oriental breamfry and A. brama orientalis, which resulted in growth performance increase and feed efficiency ratio improvement. 55 66 2017/02/162017/02/162017/02/162017/02/162017/02/172017/02/17 1395/11/29 2017/02/162017/02/162017/02/162017/02/162017/02/172017/02/17 1395/11/29 S Asadi Khomami S Asadi Khomami Young Researchers and Elites Club , North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran iran N Mooraki N Mooraki Faculty of Fisheries, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran iran A Valipour A Valipour Aquaculture Institute of Inland Waters, Bandar Anzali, Guilan, Iran iran S Kakoolaki S Kakoolaki Aquatic animal Health and Diseases Department, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran iran Probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici Growth Feeding Survival rate Abramis brama orientalis Aubin J., Gatesoup F.J., Labbe L. and Lebrun L. (2005) Trial of probiotics to prevent the vertebral column compression syndrome in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). Aquaculture research 36, 758- 767.## Bagheri T., Hedayati S. A., Yavari V., Alizadeh M. and Farzanfar A. (2008) Growth, Survival and Gut Microbial Load of Rainbow Trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) Fry Given Diet Supplemented with Probiotic during the Two Months of First Feeding, Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences8,43-48.## Balcazar J.L., Deblas I., Ruiz-Zarzuela I., Cunningham D., Vendrell D. and Muzquiz, J.L. (2006)The role of probiotics in aquaculture. Veterinary microbiology 114, 173-186.##Castex M., Chim L., Pham D., Lamaire P., Wabete N., Nicolas J-L., Schmidely P. and Mariojouls, C. (2008) Probiotic P. acidilactici application in shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris culture subject to Vibriosis in New Caledonia. Aquaculture 275, 182- 193.## Castex M., Lemaire P., Wabete N and Chim L. (2009) Effect of dietary probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici on antioxidant defences and oxidative stress status of shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris.Aquaculture 294,306–313.##Castex M., Lemaire P., Wabete N and Chim L. (2010) Probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici on antioxidant defences and oxidative stress of Litopenaeus stylirostris under Vibrio nigripulchritudo challenge. Fish& Shellfish immunology 28, 622-631.## Chang C.-I., and Liu W.-Y. (2002) An evaluation of two probiotic bacterial strains, Enterococcus faecium SF68 and Bacillus toyoi, for reducing edwardsiellosis in cultured European eel, Anguilla anguilla L. Journal of Fish Diseases25, 311–315.## Corcoran B.M., Ross R.P., Fitzgerald G.F. and Stanton C. (2004) Comparative survival of probiotic lactobacilli spray-dried in the presence of prebiotic substances. Journal of Applied Microbiology96, 1024–1039.##Coves D., Vogue B., Desbruyeres E., Dhormes B., Fievet J., Huelvan C., Lallement S., Le Gall M.M., Ruelle F., Vidal M.O., Castex M., Mazurais D., Cahu C.L. and Gatesoup F.J. (2011) Probiotic treatment of live food organisms for Atlantic Bluefin Tuna larvae. Aquaculture Europe 2011 - Mediterranean Aquaculture 2020, October 18-21 2011, Rhodes, Greece ##Faramarzi M., Kiaalvandi S., Lashkarbolooki M. and Iranshahi F. (2011) The Investigation of Lactobacillus acidophilus as Probiotics on Growth Performance and Disease resistance Of Rainbow Trout (Oncorynchus mykiss).American- Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research 6 (1), 32-38.##Ferguson R.M.W., Merrifield D.L., Harper G.M., Rawling M.D., Mustafa S., Picchietti S., Balcazar J.L. and Davies S.J.(2010) The effect of Pediococcus acidilactici on the gut microbiota and immune status of on-growing red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Applied microbiology 1364-5072, 851-862.##Gomez- Gil B., Roque A. and Turnbull J.F. (2000) The use and selection of probiotic bacteria for use in the culture of larvae aquatic organisms. Aquaculture 191, 259- 270.##Gill H.S. (1998). Stimulation of the immune system by lactic cultures. International Dairy Journal 8, 535–544.##Hevroy E.M., Waagbo R., Sandness K., Rund M. and Hermerr G.I. (2005) Nutrition utilization n Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) fed increased level of fish protein hydrolysat during a period of fast growth. Aquaculture Nutrition 11, 301- 313.## Hidalgo M. C., Skalli A., Abellán E., Arizcun M. and Cardenete G. (2006) Dietary intake of probiotics and maslinic acid in juvenile dentex (Dentex dentex L.): Effects on growth performance, survival and liver proteolytic activities. Aquaculture Nutrition 12, 256–266.## Izvekova G.I. (2005) Activity of carbohydrates of symbiotic microflora and their role in processes of digestion of fish and their parasitizing cestodes (on the example of pike and Triaenophorus nodulosus). Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology41, 406–411.## Kosin, B and Rakshit, S.K. (2006) Criteria for production of probiotics. Food Technology and Biotechnology.44(3), 371-379.## Kumar R., Mukherjee S., Pani Prasad K. and Pal A.K. (2006) Evaluation of Bacillus subtilis as a probiotic to Indian major carp Labeo rohita (Ham.). Aquaculture Research 37, 1215-1221.## Merrifiel D.L., Bradley G., Harper G.M., Baker R.T.M., Munn C.B. and Davies S.J. (2009) Assessment of the effects of vegetative and lyophilized Pediococcus acidilactici on growth, feed utilization, intestinal colonization and health parameters on Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). Aquaculture nutrition1365- 2090,1-7.## Nakagawa H., Sato M. and Delber M.G. (2007) Dietary supplements for the health and quality of cultured fish. CABI north American office, USA. ##Osman H.A., B.Ibrahim T., Soliman1 W. and Aboud O. (2010) Improvement growth and immune status using a potential probiotic bacteria Micrococcus species among Culured Oreochromis niloticus. Newyork science journal 3(10), 5-11.##Perera S. (2007) The Probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici Protects Goldfish (Carassius auratus) Undergoing Induced Stress. MS Thesis, The graduate school of Hood college, Maryland.##Pushparaj A., Ramesh U. and Ambika P. (2012) Effect of probionts on the growth and food utilization of clown fish Amphiprion sebae (Bleeker (1853)). International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology3, 309-314.## Raibeiro F., Crain P.K. and Moyle P.B. (2004) Variation in condition factor and growth in young-of-year fishes in flood plain and riverine habitats of the Cosumnes River, California. Hydrobiology 527, 77-84.## Ringø E. and Gatesoupe F.J. (1998) Lactic acid bacteria in fish: a review. Aquaculture 160, 177- 203.##SankarGiri R., SankarSen S. and Sukumaran V. (2012) Effects of dietary supplementation of potential probiotic Pseudomonas aeruginosa VSG-2 on the innate immunity and disease resistance of tropical freshwater fish, Labeo rohita. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 32(6),1135-40.## Seenivasan C., SAravanaBhavan P., Radhkrishnan S. and Shanthi R. (2012) Enrichment of Artemia nauplii with Lactobacillus sporogenes for Enhancing the Survival, Growth and Levels of Biochemical Constituents in the Post- Larvae of the Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences12, 23-31.## Senok A.C., Ismaeel A.Y. and Botta G.A. (2005) Probiotics: facts and myths.Clinical Microbiology and Infection11 (12), 958–966.## Tacon A. G. (1990)Standard methods for the nutrition and feeding of farmed fish and shrimp. Vol. 3. Feeding methods. 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Profile and protective role of 61kDa and 47kDa antigens of Edwardsiella tarda in rohu (Labeo rohita) 2 2 Edwardsiella tarda is a versatile pathogen that could survive in different environmental conditions and infect economically important fish species. The whole cell antigenic proteins were extracted from E. tarda and assessed via Western blot using anti E. trada rohu and anti E. trada rabbit serum. Two strong reacted proteins with antibodies were recovered viz 61 kDa and 47 kDa from SDS PAGE gels to evaluate their vaccine potential in rohu fish. Fish were vaccinated 10 µg of antigenic proteins intraperitoneally as immunogens with Freund’s incomplete adjuvant (FIA). The boosters were given on the 10th day of immunization with PBS. The blood was drawn from vena caudalis at every 7th day for hematological and immunological studies. Fish were challenged on 35th day with 1× 106 cfu E. tarda field isolate ET-1. The cumulative mortality (CM) was recorded over one week and relative percentage survival (RPS) was calculated. The 61 kDa and 47 kDaproteins had significantly higher RPS, white blood cell count, specific and nonspecific parameters over control group. 61 kDa protein gave significantly high NBT activity, lysozyme activity and specific antibodies for E. tarda. 47 kDa protein hadsignificantly high phagocytic index and myeloperoxidase activity. The phagocytic capacity was significantly high at 3rd week of 47 kDaprotein. 61 kDaand 47kDa proteins had RPS of 59% and 52% respectively after challenge studies. Non specific immune parameters were more active at the first four weeks of immunization and specific antibodies for E. tarda were significantly higher since second week and peaked at 4th week in this study. Therefore 61 kDa could be considered as best vaccine candidateover 47 kDa for E. tarda infection in rohu fish. 67 87 2017/02/162017/02/162017/02/162017/02/162017/02/172017/02/172017/02/17 1395/11/29 2017/02/162017/02/162017/02/162017/02/162017/02/172017/02/172017/02/17 1395/11/29 KH.D.T. Kasagala KH.D.T. Kasagala Veterinary Research Institute, Sri Lanka india K Pani Prasad K Pani Prasad Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India india M Makesh M Makesh Central Brackishwater Research Institute, Chennai, India india P Gireesh Babu P Gireesh Babu Central Brackishwater Research Institute, Chennai, India india Edwardsiella tarda Protective antigens Labeo rohita 61kDa protein Alcaide E., Herraiz S. and Esteve C. (2006) Occurrence of Edwardsiella tarda in wild European eels Anguilla anguilla from Mediterranean Spain. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 73,77–81.## Amandi A., Hiu S.F., Rohovec J.S. and Fryer J.L. (1982) Isolation and characterization of Edwardsiella tardafrom fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Applied and Environmental Microbiology 43(6),1380-1384.## Amend D.F. (1981) Potency testing offish vaccines. Developments in Biological Standardization 49,447-54.## Anderson D.P. and Siwicki A.K. (1995) Basic haematology and serology for fish health programs. In: Diseases in Asian AquacultureII, (ed.by M. Shariff, J.R. Authur and R.P. Subasinghe), pp. 185-202 Fish Health Section, Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines.##APHA(1998) Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater, 20th edn. merican public health association, Washington, DC.##Carayannopoulos L. and Capra J.D.(1993) Immunoglobulins : structure and function. In: Fundamentals of immunology (ed. by W.E. Paul), pp. 283 -314. Raven press, NewYork.##Chinabut S., Limsuwan C. and Kitswat P. (1991) Histology of walking catfish, Clarias batrachus. Aquatic Animal Health Research Institute, Thailand. ##Crowther R.J. (1995) ELISA Theory and Practice. Humama Press.##Darwish A. M., Newton J. C. and Plumb J. A. (2001) Effect of incubation temperature and salinity on expression of the outer membrane protein profile of Edwardsiella tarda. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 13, 269-275.##Dresser D. (1986) Immunization of experimental animals. In: Handbook of experimental Immunology (ed.byD.M Weir). . Oxford, Blackwell Science. ## Ellis A. E.(1999) Immunity to bacteria in fish. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 9, 291- 308.## Farmer J. J.and McWhorterA. C. (1984) Genus X. Edwardsiella. In:The Bergey manual systematic bacteriology (ed.by N. R. Kriegand , J. G.Holt), pp. 486–491 William and Wilkins, Baltimore, Maryland.## Goldstein E.J.C., Agyare E.O., Vagvolgyi A.E. and Halpern M. (1981) Aerobic bacterial oral flora of garter snakes: development of normal flora and pathogenic potential for snakes and humans. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 13 ,954-956. ##Gutierrez M. A., Miyazaki T., Hatta H. and Kim M.( 1993) Protective properties of egg yolk IgY containing anti-Edwardsiella tarda antibody against paracolo disease in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. Journal of Fish Diseases 16,113-122.##Gutierrez M. A. and Miyazaki T.(1994)Responses of Japanese eels to oral challenge with Edwardsiella tarda after vaccination with formalin-killed cells or lipopolysaccharide of the bacterium. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health6, 110-117.## Han H.J., Kim D.H., Lee D.C., Kim M.S. and Park S.I. (2006) Pathogenicity of Edwardsiella tarda to olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel). Journal of Fish Diseases 29,601-609.## Hardy E., Santana H., Sosa A., Herna´ndez L., Patron F .C. and Serra C.L. (1996) Recovery of biologically active proteins detected with Imidazole–Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate–Zinc (Reverse Stain) on Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Gels. Analytical Biochemistry 240, 150–152.##Hay F.C. and Westwood O.M.R. (2002) Practical Immunology,4thedn.Blackwell Science. Hesser E.F. (1960) Methods for Routine Fish Haematology. Progressive Fish Culturist 22,164-171.## ##

The Effect of Gamma (γ) Irradiation to inactivate Escherichia coli in Contaminated water 2 2 Several common approaches are used for disinfection of water in this section, but using the approaches (e.g. chlorination) are accompanied with hazardous by-products and also lead to notable changes in odor and flavor of water. Gamma irradiation as an emerging method has been encouraged currently by FAO/WHO for water, wastewater and food treatment. Coliform bacteria belong to common contaminants of water and being used as an indicator of efficacy of water safety measures, including gamma irradiation. Current study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of gamma irradiation to eradication of microbial contaminants from food industry water resources. Water samples were collected from food industries located around Tehran, capital of Iran. Samples from three major resources of food industry water system; Well, Tank and Recycled water were collected and one part of the samples irradiated with 137Cs gamma radiator. Treated and untreated samples were tested by standard Multiple-tubes fermentation technique for detection of coliform bacteria and MPN indexes were calculated. Gamma irradiation had killing effect on coliforms and leads to noticeable reduction in MPN indexes of treated water samples compared to untreated ones. With few modifications in radiation dose, it is expected to implant portable gamma radiators to treatment of water in food industry section. 88 96 2017/02/162017/02/162017/02/162017/02/162017/02/172017/02/172017/02/172017/02/18 1395/11/30 2017/02/162017/02/162017/02/162017/02/162017/02/172017/02/172017/02/172017/02/18 1395/11/30 H Ahari H Ahari Assistant Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran iran M Alinejad Dizaj M Alinejad Dizaj Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. iran S Paidari S Paidari Department of Food Science. Technology Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran iran A A Anvar A A Anvar Assistant Professor, Department of Hygiene, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. iran food industry gamma-irradiation water treatment coliforms Hayati P., Rezvani A.R., Morsali A. & Retailleau P. (2017) Ultrasound irradiation effect on morphology and size of two new potassium coordination supramolecule compounds. Ultrason Sonochem 34, 195-205##She C., Shi G.L., Xu W., Zhou X.Z., Li J., Tian Y., Li J., Li W.H., Dong Q.R. & Ren P.G. (2016) Effect of low-dose X-ray irradiation and Ti particles on the osseointegration of prosthetic. J Orthop Res 34, 1688-1696.##Shirai R., Miura T., Yoshida A., Yoshino F., Ito T., Yoshinari M. & Yajima Y. (2016) Antimicrobial effect of titanium dioxide after ultraviolet irradiation against periodontal pathogen. Dent Mater J 35, 511-516. ##Thang K., Au K., Rakovski C. & Prakash A. (2016) Effect of phytosanitary irradiation and methyl bromide fumigation on the physical, sensory, and microbiological quality of blueberries and sweet cherries. J Sci Food Agric 96, 4382-4389##Vereschako G.G., Tshueshova N.V., Gorokh G.A., Kozlov I.G. & Naumov A.D. (2016) Effect of External Irradiation and Immobilization Stress on the Reproductive System of Male Rats. Radiats Biol Radioecol 56, 56-63.## Vilela F.M., Oliveira F.M., Vicentini F.T., Casagrande R., Verri J.W.A., Cunha T.M. & Fonseca M.J. (2016) Commercial sunscreen formulations: UVB irradiation stability and effect on UVB irradiation-induced skin oxidative stress and inflammation. J Photochem Photobiol B 163, 413-420.##Zevallos-Concha A., Nunez D., Gasco M., Vasquez C., Quispe M. & Gonzales G.F. (2016) Effect of gamma irradiation on phenol content, antioxidant activity and biological activity of black maca and red maca extracts (Lepidium meyenii walp). Toxicol Mech Methods 26, 67- 73.##Zhang T.Y., Lin Y.L., Xu B., Xia S.J., Tian F.X. & Gao N.Y. (2016a) Effect of UV irradiation on the proportion of organic chloramines in total chlorine in subsequent chlorination. Chemosphere 144, 940. ##Zhu W., Liu J., Yu S., Zhou Y. & Yan X. (2016) Ag loaded WO3 nanoplates for efficient photocatalytic degradation of sulfanilamide and their bactericidal effect under visible light irradiation. J Hazard Mater 318, 407-416.## ##

Effects of antifungal activity of Daenensis thyme (Thymus daenensis)and Mentha (Mentha longifolia)essential oils on rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs hatchability 2 2 In this study, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs were treated with effective doses of Daenensis thyme, Thymus daenensis (20, 10 and 5 mgL-1) and Mentha, Mentha longifolia (10, 5 and 2.5 mgL-1), during incubation period (20 days) until hatching for 30 minutes per every other day as constant flow bath treatment method. The mortality level in normal control (without any treatment) was significantly higher than other groups (p<0.05). Level of mortality in egg treated with Daenensis thyme at 20 mgL-1(12.01±0.357%) was significantly lower than both normal control (33.35±0.889%) and Mentha groups until the eyed-egg stage (p<0.05). No significant different was seen between Mentha at 10 and 5 mgL-1mortality untileyed-egg stage(p>0.05). The highest hatching rate (78.36±0.340%)was recorded in Daenensis thyme at 20 mgL-1concentrations compared to other groups except Malachite green (p<0.05). Eggs treated with Daenensis thyme and Mentha essence showed greater mean percentage of survival and hatching rates compared to the normal control (p<0.05). However, essential oil derived from Daenensis thyme at 20 mgL-1 probably has the potential to be used as health control of rainbow trout eggs against fungal contamination. 97 107 2017/02/162017/02/162017/02/162017/02/162017/02/172017/02/172017/02/172017/02/182017/02/21 1395/12/3 2017/02/162017/02/162017/02/162017/02/162017/02/172017/02/172017/02/172017/02/182017/02/21 1395/12/3 M Salehi M Salehi Department of Fisheries Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. iran M Soltani M Soltani Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. iran S. P. Hosseini-Shekarabi S. P. 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Clinical Microbiology Reviews12, 564-582.## Culp S. J., Mellick P. W., Trotter R. W., Greenlees K. J., Kodell R. L. & Beland F. A. (2006) Carcinogenicity of malachite green chloride and leucomalachite greenin B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology 44, 1204-1212. ##Davidson P. M.& Parish M. E. (1989) Methods for testing the efficacy of food antimicrobials.Food Technology 43, 148-155. Gaikowski M. P., Rach J. J., Olson J. J., Ramsay R. T. & Wolgamood M. (1998) Toxicity of hydrogen peroxide treatments to rainbow trout eggs. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 3, 241-251.## Gill A. O., Delaquis P., Russo P.& Holley R. A. (2002) Evaluation of antilesterial action of cilantro oil on vacuum packed ham. International Journal of Food Microbiology 73, 83-92.##Hoskonen P., Heikkinen J., Eskelinen P.& Pirhonen J. (2013) Efficacy of clove oil and ethanol against Saprolegnia sp. and usability as antifungal agents during incubation of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) eggs. Aquaculture Research46, 581-589.## Iscan G., Kirimer N., Kurkcuoglu M., Baser K. H. &Demirci F. (2002) Antimicrobial screening of Menthapiperita essential oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry50, 3943-3946.## Khosravi A. R., Eslami A.R., Shokri H.& Kashanian M. (2008)Zataria multiflora cream for the treatment of acute vaginal candidiasis. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics101, 201-202.## Khosravi A. R., Shokri H., Sharifrohani M., Ebrahimzadeh-Mousavi H. E.& Mousavi Z. (2012) Evaluation of the antifungal activity of Zataria multiflora, Geranium herbarium, and Eucalyptus camaldolensis essential oils on Saprolegnia parasitica–infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 7, 674-679.## Kitancharoen N., Yamamoto A. & Hatai K.(1998) Effects of sodium chloride, hydrogen peroxide and malachite green on fungal infection in rainbow trout eggs. Biocontrol Science and Technology 3, 113-115.## Koca S. B. & Cevikbas M. 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