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Research Article: Haematological alterations in common carp, Cyprinus carpio exposed to Contracaecum sp. 2 2 Contracaecum is a genus ofitic nematodes to the family Anisakidae, commonly found in fish as intermediate hosts to reach their definitive hosts. To assess the effect of this parasite on the haematological parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), a total of 60 fish were collected alive from the Parishan basin in Kazerun, Fars Province, Iran. Among these, 50% were infected with L3 larvae of Contracaecum sp., with an average intensity of 16.7 ± 2.03 helminths per fish. The fish were analyzed to establish various haematological parameters. The haematological analysis revealed significant reductions in haematocrit (HCT) and red blood cells (RBCs), while lymphocyte counts showed no significant change. White blood cells (WBCs) increased non-significantly (p>0.05), but monocytes and neutrophils exhibited a significant increase (p≤0.05). Variations between lymphocyte and WBC counts demonstrated non-significant differences (p>0.05) between infected and non-infected groups, whereas the other parameters showed significant differences (p≤0.05). Basophil and eosinophil values were not evaluated due to zero counts, resulting in no statistical analysis for these parameters. 1 12 2023/07/8 1402/4/17 2024/10/31 1403/8/10 A.R. Golchin Manshadi A.R. Golchin Manshadi 1 Department of Veterinary science, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran Iran golchinalireza@yahoo.com F. Shahandeh F. Shahandeh 2 Gratuated of Faculty of veterinary Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran Iran Cyprinus carpio Hematology Contracaecum sp. Nematodes Ahmad, M. G., Kulshreshtha, J. B. and Singh, G., 2011. Growth and pigment profile of Spirulina platensis isolated from Rajasthan, India. Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 43(1), 1, pp. 83-86.##Alhayali, N.S., Mohammed, N.H., Al-lahaibi, B.Y., 2023. 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Research Article: Efficacy of indigenous bacteria with quorum quencher properties on biochemical factors of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) 2 2 In this study, efficacy of two main probiotics (Citrobacter freundii and Bacillus foraminis) with indigenous quorum quenching (QQ) isolated from the intestine of Cyprinus carpio was studied on haemato-innate immune responses, antioxidant capacity and disease resistance of this fish species. Juveniles of C. carpio (n=450, weighing 50±10 g) were randomly divided into 6 equal groups (with 3 replications) and were fed on diets containing 1×109 cfu g-1 of C. freundii (QQ1, G1), B. foraminis (QQ2,r G2), L. plantarum (without characteristics QQ, WQQ, G3), QQ1 + QQ2 (G4), QQ1 + QQ2+WQQ (combine, G5), and a control diet (without probiotic) for 60 continuous days. Our results showed, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels increased in QQ2 at 30 days but it declined later, while AST and ALT activities varied among treatments. Serum triglycerides, Total protein, albumin, Glucose  and urea were significantly different in the probiotic treatments compared control group (p<0.05). Overall, indigenous probiotics improved various health parameters and reduced side effects in treated fish 13 34 2023/07/82024/09/4 1403/6/14 2024/10/312025/02/28 1403/12/10 M.A. Abdulaziz M.A. Abdulaziz Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Iran mahir.aldafter@gmail.com T. Mohammadian T. Mohammadian Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Iran t.mohammadian@scu.ac.ir M. Mesbah M. Mesbah Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Iran m.mesbah@scu.ac.ir D. Gharibi D. Gharibi Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Iran d.gharibi@scu.ac.ir S.M. Jalali S.M. Jalali Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Iran mi.jalali@scu.ac.ir C. carpio Intestine bacteria Indigenous quorum quenching Biochemical factors Ahmad, M. B., Kulshreshtha, J. I. and Singh, G., 2011. Growth and pigment profile of Spirulina platensis isolated from Rajasthan, India. Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 22(1), 1, pp. 83-86.##Abarike, E.D., Cai, J., Lu, Y., Yu, H., Chen, L., Jian, J., Tang, J., Jun, L., Kuebutornye, F. K., 2018. Effects of a commercial probiotic BS containing Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis on growth, immune response and disease resistance in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Fish Shellfsh Immunol. 82, 229-238.##Abdel-Aziz, M., Bessat, M., Fadel, A., & Elblehi, S. (2020). Responses of dietary supplementation of probiotic effective microorganisms (EMs) in Oreochromis niloticus on growth, hematological, intestinal histopathological, and antiparasitic activities. Aquaculture international, 28, 947-963.##Adorian TJ, Jamali H, Farsani HG, Darvishi P, Hasanpour S, Bagheri T, Roozbehfar R (2019) Effects of probiotic bacteria Bacillus on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, and hematological parameters of Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch). 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Research Article: Immune-enhancing and protective effects of lactobacillus delbrueckii bulgaricus on common carp vaccinated against Aeromonas hydrophila 2 2 In this study, effect of lactobacillus delbrueckii bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus), both in its free form and microencapsulated with alginate/chitosan, on immunity and efficacy of  Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine was assessed in common carp. A total of 360 common carp (48±5.1 g) were randomly divided in four groups, each in tree replicates. *Corresponding author’s email:  alishahim@scu.ac.ir Groups 1 to 3 were vaccinated against A. hydrophila and fed diets supplemented with basal diet, L. bulgaricus-treated feed, and encapsulated L. bulgaricus -treated feed, respectively, and group 4 was considered as the control. Samples were taken on days zero, 30 and 60 of the experiment. Growth performance indices (including FCR, SGR, PER, and FER) and immunological parameters (antibody titer, serum lysozyme, complement and bactericidal activity, NBT reduction, globulin levels, and myeloperoxidase activity) were evaluated. Additionally, hematological parameters (RBC, WBC, Hb, and Hct), intestinal enzyme activities (lipase, protease, amylase, and ALP), antioxidant status (maladeyaldehide (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase activity), and serum biochemical indices (glucose, urea, calcium, triglycerides, ALP, CPK, and bilirubin) were compared among the groups. On day 60 of the experiment, the remaining fish in each group were challenged with virulent A. hydrophila, and cumulative mortality was recorded over a 14-day period. The results indicated that group 3 exhibited the highest growth indices and intestinal enzyme activity. Most of the immune parameters showed a significant increase in groups 3 and 2 compared to control group (p<0.05). Hematological and biochemical parameters remained consistent across all groups (p>0.05). Following the challenge, the mortality rates were lower in groups 3 (20%) and 2 (30%) compared to control group (60%). Overall, these data exhibited that administration of L. bulgaricus is able to enhance efficacy and immunogenicity of injectable A. hydrophila vaccine. Also, alginate/chitosan-microencapsulation of this probiotic further amplifies its positive effects on the vaccine's efficacy. 35 64 2023/07/82024/09/42024/09/4 1403/6/14 2024/10/312025/02/282025/02/28 1403/12/10 M.A.K. Aakool M.A.K. Aakool Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran mohkaagool@gmail.com M. Alishahi M. Alishahi Department of livestock, poultry and aquatic animals Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Iran alishahim@scu.ac.ir R. Peyghan R. Peyghan Department of livestock, poultry and aquatic animals Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Iran peyghan2014@gmail.com M. Khosravi M. Khosravi Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Iran m.khosravi@scu.ac.ir D. Gharibi D. Gharibi Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Iran d.gharibi@scu.ac.ir Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine Lactobacillus delbrueckii bulgaricus Common carp Immunogenicity Ahmad, M. G., Kulshreshtha, J. B. and Singh, G., 2011. Growth and pigment profile of Spirulina platensis isolated from Rajasthan, India. Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2(1), 1, pp. 83-86.##Aebi, H. (1974). Catalase. 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Research Article: Morganella morganii infection in blood parrot cichlid (Amphilophus citrinellus x Paraneetroplus synspilus) and its experimental pathogenicity in gold fish (Carassius auratus) treated with formalin 2 2 Morganella morganii is an opportunistic pathogen widely spread out within the intestinal tracts of mammals, humans and reptiles as a part of normal intestinal microbiota. The appearance of skin lesions in blood parrot cichlid, Amphilophus citrinellus x Paraneetroplus synspilus, were monitored in separate aquariums withO2  8 mg/L, pH 7.8, water hardness 145 mg/L CaCO3, and water temperature at 28 °C for two weeks. Initially, superficial lesions were appeared on the fish skin and gradually penetrated the muscles after one week and finally resulted in fish death. Samples from various organs including edges of skin lesions, muscle and kidney, spleen, and liver were taken under aseptic conditions, inoculated into tryptic soy agar incubated at 25°C and 37°C for 24 h. The isolated bacteria from the kidney, spleen or liver were characterized using microbiological and molecular methods.  Phenotypic and molecular assays resulted in the identification of Morganella morganii as the cause of skin lesions.  Ninety apparently healthy goldfish (Carassius auratus) were challenged with isolated bacteria at 5.4 × 104   CFU /mL as a bath for one hour under stress and non-stress conditions. Affected goldfish developed superficial lesions, fin necrosis, muscle necrosis, and mortality initiated six days after challenge and reached 60 % (18 fish) and 36.66 % (11 fish) in stressed and non-stressed goldfish, respectively after 14 days. This data confirmed M. morganii as the causative agent of freshwater fish aquariums, and thus need to be considered in the disease diagnosis in aquaculture activity. 65 75 2023/07/82024/09/42024/09/42024/09/11 1403/6/21 2024/10/312025/02/282025/02/282025/02/28 1403/12/10 F. Ghiasi F. Ghiasi Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Recourses, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran Iran f.ghiasi@uok.ac.ir M. Nemati M. Nemati Ilam University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ilam, 69316-516 Iran m26nemati48@gmail.com F. Pourahmad F. Pourahmad Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ilam University, Iran. Iran f.pourahmad@ilam.ac.ir M. Soltani M. Soltani Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Unviersity of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Iran mehdi.soltani.ut@gmail.com R. Farshgar R. Farshgar Faculty of Veterainary Medicine, University of Razi, Kermanshah, Kermanshah, Iran Iran rozhinfarshgar3000@gmail.com Morganella morganii Freshwater fish Stress Blood parrot cichlid Goldfish Ahmad, M. G., Kulshreshtha, J. B. and Singh, G., 2011. Growth and pigment profile of Spirulina platensis isolated from Rajasthan, India. Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 54(1), 1, pp. 83-86.##Bandy, A. 2020. Ringing bells: Morganella morganii fights for recognition. Public Health, 182, 45-50.##Bond, E.; Stadler, J.A. 2020. Subdural empyema caused by Morganella morganii. Surg. Neurol. Int., 11, 216. doi: 10.25259/SNI_136_2020##Cetin M, Ocak S, Kuvandik G, Aslan B, Temiz, M. Aslan A. 2008. Morganella morganii associated arthritis in a diabetic patient. Advances in Therapy 25, 240-244.##Chang HY, Wang SM, Chiu NC, Chung HY, Wang HK. 2011. Neonatal Morganella morganii sepsis: a case report and review of the literature. Pediatrics International 2011; 53, 121-123.##Choi JH, Yoo, H S, Park, JY, Kim, YK, Kim E, Kim DY. 2002. Morganelliasis pneumonia in a captive jaguar. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 38, 199-201.##Douxfils J, Mathieu C, Mandiki S N , Milla S, Henrotte E, Wang N, Vandecan M, Dieu M, Dauchot N, Pigneur LM, Li X, Rougeot C, Mélard C, Silvestre F, Van Doninck K, Raes M, Kestemont P, 2011. Physiological and proteomic evidences that domestication process differentially modulates the immune status of juvenile Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) under chronic confinement stress. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 31, 6, 1113-1121.##Engelsma M Y, Hougee S, Nap D, Hofenk, M , Rombout, JH, van Muiswinkel WB, Lidy V, Kemenade BM. 2003. Multiple acute temperature stress affects leucocyte populations and antibody responses in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., Fish Shellfish Immunology, 15, 5, 397-410.##Ghosh S, Bal AM, Malik I, Collier A. 2009. Fatal Morganella morganii bacteraemia in a diabetic patient with gas gangrene. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 58, 965-957.##Jørgensen TR, Larsen TB, Jørgensen LG, Bresciani J, Kania PW, Buchmann K. 2007. Characterisation of a low pathogenic form of Gyrodactylus salaris from rainbow trout. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 73, 235-244.##Kim SH, Field K G, Chang D S, Wei CI, An H. 2001. Identification of bacteria crucial to histamine accumulation in pacific mackerel during storage. Journal of food protection, 64, 10, 1556-1564.##Kim S H, An. H, Wei C I, Visessanguan W, Benjakul S, Morrissey MT, Su YC, Pitta TP. 2003. Molecular detection of a histamine former, Morganella morganii, inalbacore, mackerel, sardine, and a processing plant. Journal of Food Science, 68, 2, 453-457.##Laupland, K.B.; Paterson, D.L.; Edwards, F.; Stewart, A.G.; Harris, P.N. 2022. Morganella morganii, an Emerging Cause of Bloodstream Infections. Microbiol. Spectr., 10, e00569-22.##Li, G.; Niu, X.; Yuan, S.; Liang, L.; Liu, Y.; Hu, L.; Liu, J.; Cheng, Z. 2018. Emergence of Morganella morganii subsp. morganii in dairy calves, China. Emerg. Microbes Infect., 7, 1-12.##Liu, H.; Zhu, J.; Hu, Q.; Rao, X. 2016. Morganella morganii, a non-negligent opportunistic pathogen. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 2016, 50, 10-17.http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2016.07.006##Maraki, S.; Mantadakis, E.; Spernovasilis, N.; Mathioudaki, A.; Peristeris, G.; Alexakis, K.; Kofteridis, D.; Samonis, G. Morganella morganii. 2022. Infections in a Greek University Hospital: Patient Characteristics, Antimicrobial Susceptibilities, and Outcomes. Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. 2022, 30, e1110. https://doi.org/ 10.1097/IPC.0000000000001110##Morgan HR. 1906. Upon the bacteriology of the summer diarrhoea of infants. Br Med J 1907; 2:908-12.##Park, S.Y.; Lee, K.; Cho, Y.; Lim, S.R.; Kwon, H.; Han, J.E.; Kim, J.H. 2020. Emergence of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Morganella morganii in a captive breeding dolphin in South Korea. Animals, 10, 2052.##Pickering AD, Pottinger TG. 1989. Stress responses and disease resistance in salmonid fish: Effects of chronic elevation of plasma cortisol. 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Research Article: Efficacy of dietary supplementation with endogenous Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, immune response and gene expression of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 2 2 Potential of a host-associated probiotic, Bacillus subtilis, was successfully screened from 6 isolates from the intestines of healthy rainbow trout (O. mykiss) based on multiple probiotic characteristics in vitro assays, such as, hemolytic activity, biofilm formation, extracellular enzyme activity, inhibitory activity against pathogens, Physicochemical tolerance to gastrointestinal stress, cell surface hydrophobicity, autoaggregation, and antibiotic susceptibility. A total of 450 O. mykiss fingerlings were randomly distributed in three groups (one control and two probiotic-treated groups in triplicate) and fed with the basal (the control) and B. subtilis–supplemented diets (at a concentration of 5×107 and 108 cell/mL B. subtilis, over a period of 60 days. After eight weeks of feeding trial revealed that dietary supplementation of B. subtilis 6 at all two concentrations (5×107 and 108 cell/mL of B. subtilis) immunological responses, biochemical parameters, antioxidant parameter and immune-relevant gene expression (interleukin 1β (IL-1β), HSP70 and TGF-β))) relevant to immunity were analyzed on the 30th, and 60th day post-feeding. After the 60-day feeding period, a significant (p<0.05) enhancement in some immune-biochemical response and immune gene expression was evident. Serum AST, ALT levels exhibited a significant (p<0.05) decrease. The inclusion of B. subtilis in the diets led to a substantial (p<0.05) increase in the survival of A. hydrophila–challenged O. mykiss, thereby highlighting the potential of B. subtilis as a beneficial probiotic for aquaculture in short-time period. 76 110 2023/07/82024/09/42024/09/42024/09/112024/09/20 1403/6/30 2024/10/312025/02/282025/02/282025/02/282025/02/28 1403/12/10 M. Bashiri M. Bashiri 1 Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran Iran m.bashiri1369@gmail.com M. Soltani M. Soltani 1 Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran Iran msoltani@ut.ac.ir E. Pirali Kheirabadi E. Pirali Kheirabadi 3Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord Province, Iran Iran pirali@sku.ac.ir S.S. Mirzargar S.S. Mirzargar 1 Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran Iran zargarm@ut.ac.ir S. Shafiei S. Shafiei 4Department of Food hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord Province, Iran Iran sshafiei@sku.ac.ir H. Momeni H. 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Polymorphonuclear cells remained up to 7 days post-injection, and participated in myophagia and contributed in micro-abscess formation. The acute inflammation progressed into a chronic inflammation characterized by fibroplasia which was active 5 days post-infection. The wound healing progress initiated and developed in 5-10 days and was completed by scar formation on 28 days post-challenge. In addition, the regeneration of muscle bundles increased and filled the defect area. 111 146 2023/07/82024/09/42024/09/42024/09/112024/09/202024/10/15 1403/7/24 2024/10/312025/02/282025/02/282025/02/282025/02/282023/08/21 1402/5/30 I. Sharifpour I. Sharifpour Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran. Iran isharifpour@yahoo.com Z. Rahimi Afzal Z. Rahimi Afzal Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 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