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Research Article: Controlling the microbial growth in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by polylactic acid-based packaging containing Lippia citriodora nanoemulsion 2 2 In recent years, many studies were carried out for developing new food packaging systems. There is a variety of synthetic and natural antimicrobial compounds used to control the growth of microorganisms. The use of natural antimicrobial agents, due to the low side effects and high antibacterial potential, has captured the attention of scientists. The main aim of this study was to produce polylactic acid-based biodegradable active films containing lemon verbena Essential oil nanoemulsion to control the growth of two common foodborne pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) in Rainbow Trout. To aim this, the antibacterial activity (in vitro) of the films were assessed under MIC and MBC assays using the microdilution method. The nanoemulsion was prepared by ultrasonic waves. Based on dynamic light scattering, the mean droplet size was reported at about 22.4 nm. Based on the antibacterial results, the growth of both microorganisms was significantly decreased after 0, 3, and 7 days of storage in comparison with the control group (p <0.05). To sum up, the presence of Lippia citriodora Nanoemulsion in the matrix of the polylactic acid film showed notable antibacterial activity during 7 days of storage at 4˚C (refrigerator). It can be concluded that this film can be a good candidate for food packaging purposes to control the growth of microorganisms.   1 15 2021/12/12 1400/9/21 2022/01/27 1400/11/7 M Hojatoleslami M Hojatoleslami Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Iran mah.ks23@gmail.com H Ahari H Ahari Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Iran dr.hamed.ahari@gmail.com K Larijani K Larijani Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Iran larijanikambiz@gmail.com A Sharifan A Sharifan Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Iran a_sharifan2000@yahoo.com Antimicrobial packaging Polylactic acid Lippia citriodora Nanoemulsion Rainbow trout Shelf life Ahari, H. and Naeimabadi, M., 2021. 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Essential oils as potential antimicrobial agents in meat and meat products: A review. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 34(2), 96-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2013.09.002 ##Jebelli Javan, A.S.H.K.A.N., Ghazvinian, K., Mahdavi, A., Javaheri Vayeghan, A.B.B.A.S., Staji, H. and Ghaffari Khaligh, S.A.H.A.R., 2013. The effect of dietary Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil supplementation on microbial growth and lipid peroxidation of broiler breast fillets during refrigerated storage. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 37(5), 881-888. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.2012.00714.x##Kaskoos, R.A., 2019. Essential oil analysis by GC-MS and analgesic activity of Lippia citriodora and Citrus limon. Journal of essential oil bearing plants, 22(1), 273-281. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2019.1603123##Khoshbouy Lahidjani, L., Ahari, H. and Sharifan, A., 2020. Influence of curcumin‐loaded nanoemulsion fabricated through emulsion phase inversion on the shelf life of Oncorhynchus mykiss stored at 4 C. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 44(8), p.e14592. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.14592##Lu, W.C., Huang, D.W., Wang, C.C., Yeh, C.H., Tsai, J.C., Huang, Y.T. and Li, P.H., 2018. Preparation, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of nanoemulsions incorporating citral essential oil. Journal of food and drug analysis, 26(1), 82-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2016.12.018##Maillard, A.P.F., Gonçalves, S., Santos, N.C., de Mishima, B.A.L., Dalmasso, P.R. and Hollmann, A., 2019. Studies on interaction of green silver nanoparticles with whole bacteria by surface characterization techniques. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Biomembranes, 1861(6), 1086-1092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.03.011##Masarudin, M.J., Cutts, S.M., Evison, B.J., Phillips, D.R. and Pigram, P.J., 2015. Factors determining the stability, size distribution, and cellular accumulation of small, monodisperse chitosan nanoparticles as candidate vectors for anticancer drug delivery: application to the passive encapsulation of [14C]-doxorubicin. Nanotechnology, science and applications, 8, 67. https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S91785##Mazarei, Z. and Rafati, H., 2019. Nanoemulsification of Satureja khuzestanica essential oil and pure carvacrol; comparison of physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity against food pathogens. Lwt - Food Science and Technology, 100, 328-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2018.10.094##Meshkatalsadat, M.H., Papzan, A.H. and Abdollahi, A., 2011. Determination of bioactive volatile organic components of Lippia citriodora using ultrasonic assisted with headspace solid phase microextraction coupled with GC-MS. Digest Journal of Nanomaterials & Biostructures (DJNB), 6(1).##Moghimi, R., Ghaderi, L., Rafati, H., Aliahmadi, A. and McClements, D.J., 2016. 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International Journal of Food Microbiology, 280, 87-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.12.029##Oukerrou, M.A., Tilaoui, M., Mouse, H.A., Leouifoudi, I., Jaafari, A. and Zyad, A., 2017. Chemical composition and cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of the essential oil of Aloysia citriodora palau grown in Morocco. Advances in pharmacological sciences, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7801924##Peidaei, F., Ahari, H., Anvar, S.A.A. and Ataee, M., 2021. Nanotechnology in Food Packaging and Storage: A Review. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 15(2), 123-153.##Pongsumpun, P., Iwamoto, S. and Siripatrawan, U., 2020. Response surface methodology for optimization of cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsion with improved stability and antifungal activity. Ultrasonics sonochemistry, 60, 104604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.05.021##Ryu, V., McClements, D.J., Corradini, M.G. and McLandsborough, L., 2018. 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Research Article: The effects of Datura stramonium L. seed extract on anesthesia of farmed Cyprinus carpio in Guilan province 2 2 The anesthetic effect of Datura seed extract was evaluated on 15 pieces of young Cyprinus carpio weighing approximately 25 to 50 g. In order to determine the effectiveness of L. Datura stramonium extract on the importance and severity of Cyprinus carpio  anesthesia in doses between zero mg to 10 mg /L, 10 treatments (zero treatment, control) were devised with the identical conditions (pH 7/2, temperature 22 °C, extract and fish). When fish were placed in different treatments in the drug bath, the onset time of anesthesia, the time of complete anesthesia, deep anesthesia and mortality percentage were measured by a chronometer. The results showed that increasing the concentration of Datura extract reduced the onset time of anesthesia. There was a significant difference between the onset time of anesthesia in the range between 6 mg /L and 8 mg / L (p≤0.05), There was no significant difference between 6 and 7 mg / L and 7 and 8 mg / L (p>0/05). There was also a significant difference between the mean time of complete anesthesia between 6 and 8 mg / L treatments (p≤0.05) but there is no significant difference between 6 and 7 mg / L and 7 and 8 mg / L (p>0/05). With increasing drug concentration, the mean return time from anesthesia in the treatments was different and a significant difference was observed between 6 and 8 mg / L (p ≤0.05).   16 25 2021/12/122022/03/7 1400/12/16 2022/01/272022/05/22 1401/3/1 M Rahanandeh M Rahanandeh Guilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran Iran rahanandeh1340@gmail.com babak Tizkar babak Tizkar Guilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran Iran btizkar@yahoo.com M Rahanandeh M Rahanandeh Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran Iran Datura stramonium Extract Anesthesia Cyprinus carpio Altun, T., Hunt, A.Ö. and Usta, F., 2006. Effects of clove oil and eugenol on anaesthesia and some hematological parameters of European eel Anguilla anguilla, L., 1758. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 30(2), 171-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2006.9706612##Bania, T.C., Chu, J., Bailes, D. and O'Neill, M., 2004. Jimson weed extract as a protective agent in severe organophosphate toxicity. Academic emergency medicine, 11(4), 335-338. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2004.tb01448.x##Charpin, D., Orehek, J. and Velardocchio, J.M., 1979. Bronchodilator effects of antiasthmatic cigarette smoke (Datura stramonium). Thorax, 34(2), 259-261. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.34.2.259##Das, S., Kumar, P. and Basu, S.P., 2012. Phytoconstituents and therapeutic potentials of Datura stramonium Linn. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2(3), 4-7. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v2i3.141##Devi, M.R., Bawari, M., Paul, S.B. and Sharma, G.D., 2011. Neurotoxic and medicinal properties of Datura stramonium L.–review. Assam University Journal of Science and Technology, 7(1), 139-144.##Diker, D., Markovitz, D., Rothman, M. and Sendovski, U., 2007. Coma as a presenting sign of Datura stramonium seed tea poisoning. European journal of internal Medicine, 18(4), 336-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2006.09.035##Eftekhar, F., Yousefzadi, M. and Tafakori, V., 2005. Antimicrobial activity of Datura innoxia and Datura stramonium. Fitoterapia, 76(1), 118-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2004.10.004##Gaire, B.P. and Subedi, L., 2013. A review on the pharmacological and toxicological aspects of Datura stramonium L. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 11 (2), 73-79. https://doi.org/10.3736/jintegrmed2013016##Gomes, L.C., Chippari‐Gomes, A.R., Lopes, N.P., Roubach, R. and Araujo‐Lima, C.A., 2001. Efficacy of benzocaine as an anesthetic in juvenile tambaqui Colossoma macropomum. Journal of the World Aquaculture society, 32(4), 426-431. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2001.tb00470.x##Husen, A. and Sharma, S., 2014. Efficacy of anesthetics for reducing stress in fish during aquaculture practices-a review. Journal of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 10(1), 104-123.##Jakabová, S., Vincze, L., Farkas, Á., Kilár, F., Boros, B. and Felinger, A., 2012. Determination of tropane alkaloids atropine and scopolamine by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry in plant organs of Datura species. Journal of Chromatography A, 1232, 295-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2012.02.036##Keene, J.L., Noakes, D.L.G., Moccia, R.D. and Soto, C.G., 1998. The efficacy of clove oil as an anaesthetic for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Aquaculture Research, 29(2), 89-101. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1998.tb01113.x##Khan, J., Khan, R. and Qureshi, R.A., 2013. Ethnobotanical study of commonly used weeds of District Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan). Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 1(2), 1-6.##Kirtikar, K.R. and Basu, B.D., 1999. Indian Medicinal plants. Dehradun: International Book Distributors. 3(2), pp. 1783-1787.##Mazandarani, M., Mazeri, A., Hedayati, A. A., Imanpour, M. R. and Jafari, V., 1998. Anesthesia of different concentrations of eugenol in adult and tall finger fish Caspian word (Rutilus caspicus). Journal of Animal Physiology and Development, 11 (4), 37-48 (In Persian)##Mdee, L.K., Masoko, P. and Eloff, J.N., 2009. The activity of extracts of seven common invasive plant species on fungal phytopathogens. South African Journal of Botany, 75(2), 375-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2009.02.003##Mortazavi Zadeh, S.A., Peygan, R., Youneszadeh Fashalami, M. and Sharifian, M., 2012. Appropriate Concentration of Propofol Anesthesia in Barbus Sharpeyi. Scientific Journal of Fisheries, 21(2), 133-141. (InPersian)##Padiyoor, B.A., Benno, F. and Pereira Jayaprakas, V., 2017. Assessment of clove oil and Benzocaine Anaesthesia on Haematological and Histopathological profile of Haludaria fasciata. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 10(4), 27-37.##Peredery, O. and Persinger, M.A., 2004. Herbal treatment following post‐seizure induction in rat by lithium pilocarpine: Scutellaria lateriflora (Skullcap), Gelsemium sempervirens (Gelsemium) and Datura stramonium (Jimson Weed) may prevent development of spontaneous seizures. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 18(9), 700-705. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1511##Preissel, U. and Preissel, H.G., 2011. Brugmansia and Datura: Angel's Trumpets and Thorn Apples. New York: Firefly Books, pp. 106-129.##Rahanandeh, M., 2021. Applied knowledge of fish health and diseases. Nourbakhsh Publications, first edition, pp. 24-30. (In Persian)##Rezvani, M.E., Roohbakhsh, A., Mosaddegh, M.H., Esmailidehaj, M., Khaloobagheri, F. and Esmaeili, H., 2011. Anticonvulsant and depressant effects of aqueous extracts of Carum copticum seeds in male rats. Epilepsy & Behavior, 22(2), 220-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2011.07.017##Sayyed, A. and Shah, M., 2014. Phytochemistry, pharmacological and traditional uses of Datura stramonium L. Review Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2(5), 123-5.##Shagal, M.H., Modibbo, U.U. and Liman, A.B., 2012. Pharmacological justification for the ethnomedical use of Datura stramonium stem-bark extract in treatment of diseases caused by some pathogenic bacteria. International Research of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2(1), 16-19.##Sneddon, L.U., 2012. Clinical anesthesia and analgesia in fish. Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine, 21(1), 32-43. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2011.11.009##Soltani, M., 2007. 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Research Article: The effects of the water-soluble fraction of diesel (WSFD) on behavioral, biochemical, and growth response in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) 2 2 This study investigated the effect of the water-soluble fraction of diesel (WSFD) on common carp behavioral, biochemical, and growth responses. Fish were divided into four groups, including control group (G1) and three exposures of 4% (G2), 8% (G3), and 16% (G4) WSFD. After 168 hours, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and daily growth rate (DGR) were calculated, and blood samples were taken. The results showed a significant difference between the growth indices of the G1 and the exposure groups (p<0.05). The mean of WG, SGR, and DGR indices (7.00 g, 1.85 %, 0.99, respectively) in the G2 had a significant difference with the G3 (4.44 g, 1.12 %, 0.64, respectively) and the G4 (0.89 g, 0.25 %, 0.12, respectively) (p<0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference between growth indices in the G3 and the G4 (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between the mean cortisol and serum glucose levels of the G1 (3.18 µg/dl, 61.33 mg/dl) and the G4 (10.70 µg/dl /ml, 108.33 mg/dl) (p<0.05). Swimming pattern changes, activity level, food intake, and gill movements occurred due to WSFD exposure. The fish behavior was expected in the G1 and G2. However, with increasing the concentration of the WSFD to 16%, an imbalance was observed with swimming changes, loss of appetite, decreased mobility, and impaired breathing. The present study's findings showed that WSFD exposure causes growth retardation, disturbance of biochemical blood factors, and behavioral changes in fish.   26 40 2021/12/122022/03/72022/01/22 1400/11/2 2022/01/272022/05/222022/05/6 1401/2/16 A Modaberi A Modaberi Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Iran Ali_modaberi@yahoo.com S Kakoolaki S Kakoolaki Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran Iran bsh443@gmail.com E Khajehrahimi E Khajehrahimi Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Iran AE_khajeh_Rahimi@iau-tnb.ac.ir I Sharifpour I Sharifpour Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran Iran isharifpour@yahoo.com S Safi S Safi Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Iran s.safi@srbiau.ac.ir Water-soluble fraction of diesel (WSFD) Behavior Biochemical biomarkers Growth indices Common Carp Akaishi, F.M., Silva de Assis, H.C., Jakobi, S.C.G., Eiras-Stofella, D.R., St-Jean, S.D., Courtenay, S.C., Lima, E.F., Wagener, A.L.R., Scofield, A.L. and Oliveira Ribeiro, C.A., 2004. 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Research Article: Determination of median lethal concentration (LC50) and histopathological effects of malachite green on Oncorhynchus mykiss 2 2 The purpose of this study was to determine the lethal concentration (LC50-96 h) of malachite green on rainbow trout and also the histology effects of this substance on the liver, gills and kidney. With increasing concentrations of malachite green, rainbow trout mortality increased during the period of 24 to 96 hours. Twenty four hour lethal concentration (LC50-24 h) of malachite green on O. mykiss is 32.28 mg L-1. Forty eight hour lethal concentration (LC50-48 h) of malachite green is 16.32 mg L-1, and 72-hour lethal concentration (LC50-72 h) of malachite green is 2.52 mg L-1. All lethal concentrations at 72 hours showed a clear reduction compared to 24 and 48 hours. The median lethal concentration of malachite green (LC50-96 h) of rainbow trout was 0.83 mg L-1 during four consecutive days (96 hours). On the other hand, malachite green showed destructive effects on liver, gills and kidney tissue of rainbow trout, and these changes were more intense with increasing concentration of malachite green. Therefore, due to the grading of toxicity is determined by the amount of LC50-96 h and also observing tissue effects exposed to this substance, the malachite green is considered highly toxic to rainbow trout. For this reason, there are always concerns about the possibility of its transmission to consumers or humans; therefore, regarding to this matter that using this substance in the fish farms has been prohibited by Iran Veterinary Organization, it is necessary to remove malachite green from the list of drugs used in fish breeding and provide the other safe drugs. 41 60 2021/12/122022/03/72022/01/222022/04/11 1401/1/22 2022/01/272022/05/222022/05/62022/08/16 1401/5/25 M Heydari M Heydari Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, and Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Iran heydari_mohsen84@yahoo.com Z Yaghoobi Z Yaghoobi Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran Iran Zeinab.yaghoobi@modares.ac.ir S Hosseini S Hosseini Department of Biology, School of Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran Iran saba.hoseyny@gmail.com J Mahdavi J Mahdavi Expert of Shahid Motahary Cold Water Fishes Genetic and Breeding Research Center, Yasooj, Iran Iran mahdavejavad60@yahoo.com A Movahedinia A Movahedinia Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran Iran amovahediniia@gmail.com Z Amini Z Amini Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran Iran Niusha_Amini1292@yahoo.com S Rouzbehani S Rouzbehani Graduated from Faculty of Biology Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Iran Malachite Green Median Lethal Concentration Histopathology Oncorhynchus mykiss Aerssens, D., Cadoni, E., Tack, L. and Madder, A., 2022. 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Research Article: Blood and enzyme factors changes in New Zealand rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) as an animal model in response to killed hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSv) virulent to Oncorhynchus mykiss 2 2 The objectives to this research were to determine the haematological changes in Oryctolagus cuniculus as an animal model in response to killed hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) virulent to Oncorhynchus mykiss. This study composed of 5 groups; Treatment 1 (T1) with 1cc virus, treatment 2 (T2) with 0.5cc virus and 0.5cc adjuvant, treatment 3 (T3) with 0.75cc virus and 0.25cc adjuvant, treatment 4 (T4) with 0.25cc virus and 0.75cc adjuvant, and a control for a period of 4 months, once a month IM injection in 5 group of three New Zealand rabbits with health certification prepared by Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute. After 15 days, blood parameters, hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (HGB), mean hemoglobin concentration in red blood cells (MCH), red blood cells (RBC), average concentration of red blood cell (MCHC), white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils (SEG), lymphocytes (Lyn), eosinophil (Eos), aspirate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT).The results  showed that ALT, AST, HCT, HGB and WBC concentrations of all rabbits significantly were difference (p < 0.05). T2 (0.5cc virus and 0.5cc adjuvant) and T3 (0.75cc virus and 0.25cc adjuvant) showed higher ALT, AST, HCT and WBCs among other treatments in all 4 blood samplings and among these treatments, T2 with lower levels of ALT and AST (indicating less pressure on the liver) and higher levels of WBCs which can lead to greater amount of neutralizing polyclonal antibodies indicated better results.   61 77 2021/12/122022/03/72022/01/222022/04/112022/04/25 1401/2/5 2022/01/272022/05/222022/05/62022/08/162022/08/19 1401/5/28 M Hafezieh M Hafezieh Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran Iran Masoumehhafezieh@yahoo.com S Kakoolaki S Kakoolaki Iran Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran Iran bsh443@gmail.com M Ghasemi M Ghasemi Inland Water Aquaculture Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Bandar Anzali, Iran Iran mohades@yahoo.com R Kazempoor R Kazempoor Department of Biology, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran Iran rkbs_kh@yahoo.com A Hemati A Hemati Iran Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran Iran bsh443@gmail.com Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia virus Rabbit Hematology Enzymes Ahne, W., 1982. 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Isolation of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus from muskellunge, Esox masquinongy (Mitchill), in Lake St. Clair, Michigan, USA, reveals a new sub lineage of the North American genotype. Journal of Fish Disease, 29, 611-619.##Emmenegger, E., Hoon Moon, C., Hershberger, P. and Kurath, G., 2013. Virulence of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) genotypes Ia, IVa, IVb, and IVc in five fish species. Diseases of aquatic organisms. Disease of Aquatic Organisms 12, 107(2):99-111.##Fijan, N., Sulimanovid, D., Bearzotti, M., Muzinid, D., Zwillenberg, L.O., Chilmonczyk, S., Vautherot, J- F. and Kinkelin, P., 1983. Some properties the epithelioma papulosum cyprinid cell line from carp Cyprinus (EPC). Annales Virology, 134(2), 207-220.##Gao, G., Lebherz, C., Weiner, D., Grant, R., Calcedo, R., McCullough, B., Bagg, A., Zhang,Y. and Wilson, J., 2016. Erythropoietin gene therapy leads to autoimmune anemia in macaques. http://www.bloodjournal.org/.##Haenen, O.L.M. and Davidse, A., 1993. 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Review Article: A review of the antimicrobial and toxic properties of nanoparticles as a new alternative in the control of aquatic diseases 2 2 Nowadays, the Aquaculture industry has played a major role in dealing with a broad range requirements for human protein needs. Though environmental pollution and the incidence of the disease have always been the significant challenges in the use of aquatic products. Increasing the antibiotic resistance rate in fish pathogens has attracted attention to searching for alternatives to antibiotics. In this regard, nanotechnology as a new and innovative strategy has a range of applications in aquaculture and preserving sea animals and can provide a reliable way to protect farmed fish from pathogens. The producers, therefore, try to eliminate barriers in food fields using nano-based tools and cause growth, proliferation, aquaculture, and water purification to increase production in the aquaculture industry. One of the most outstanding issues that researchers point out nano-scale is finding appropriate methodologies for the synthesis of environment-friendly and non-toxic nanoparticles. The specific chemical, physical and biological properties of nanoparticles have increased the incentive to produce them. Today these agents have found their way into many medical applications, including detection, vaccinations, medicine, and gene transfer. Moreover, the use of nanoparticle-based vaccines for many viral pathogens is a developing field in fish disease research. So, Nanoparticles have been widely taken into consideration as a special and sensitive tool to identify bacterial, fungal and viral diseases in aquaculture. This study focuses on the antimicrobial effects of nanoparticles, especially antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and the nanotechnology applications in fisheries.   78 102 2021/12/122022/03/72022/01/222022/04/112022/04/252022/04/14 1401/1/25 2022/01/272022/05/222022/05/62022/08/162022/08/192022/08/19 1401/5/28 O Sabzevari O Sabzevari Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Iran dr.omid.sabzevari@gmail.com A Khajerahimi A Khajerahimi Department of Marine Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, North Tehran, Iran Iran AKR12783@gmail.com R Kazempoor R Kazempoor Department of Biology, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran Iran r.kazempoor@riau.ac.ir B Nowruzi B Nowruzi Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Converging Sciences and Technologies, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran Iran Bahare77biol@yahoo.com Nanoparticles Antimicrobial properties Toxicity Aquatic animal diseases Nanotechnology Abdel-Tawwab, M., Razek, N. 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Genetic evaluation of native and non-native shrimp species of Iran with aquaculture potential; An overview of protection and exploitation recommendations 2 2 Efficient management of aquatic resources and development of aquaculture rely on the identification of genetic resources of native species and populations in each region. Studying the geographical distribution, biological characteristics, and ecological status of species can provide the foundation for planning the protection and sustainable exploitation of genetic resources. In this study, we focus on the population distribution of shrimps in the aquaculture industry of Iran and evaluate the current state of stocks and genetic diversity of commercially farmed shrimps. The Persian Gulf is home to two groups of shrimps, Penaeidae and Caridean, with 16 species of Penaeidae family shrimps identified in its waters. However, only five species are commercially exploited in Iran, namely Green tiger prawn (Penaeus semisulcatus), Banana prawn (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis), white shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus), kiddi shrimp (Parapenaeopsis stylifera), and small white shrimp. Recent studies indicate that the amount of shrimp catch in Iran has decreased by half in recent years, mainly due to the loss of broodstock resulting from overfishing or fishing during the spawning season, as well as the destruction of habitats.   103 117 2021/12/122022/03/72022/01/222022/04/112022/04/252022/04/142022/05/22 1401/3/1 2022/01/272022/05/222022/05/62022/08/162022/08/192022/08/192022/08/4 1401/5/13 E Jorfi E Jorfi Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran Iran ejorfi@gmail.com Crustaceans Shrimp Genetic resources Genetic diversity Protection Exploitation Azim, A., 1985. 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A comparative study of breeding shrimp stocks in the eastern Fishing grounds of Hormozgan province. Scientific Journal of Fisheries, 17(4), 67-80.## ##