Research Article: Proximate composition and amino acid profile of the whole body of juvenile Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) 2 2 The main objective of the current study was to analyze the proximate composition and the amino acid profile of the Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus). Forty-eight fish (with an initial weight of 96.60 7.45 g) were randomly sampled from a local sturgeon farm in Mazandaran, Iran. The proximate analysis of the fish body showed 24.38 ± 1.62 g/100g ww of dry matter, 61.52 ± 1.65 g/100g dw of crude protein, 10.53 ± 0.18 g/100g dw of lipid, 16.48 ± 1.3 g/100g dw of ash, 0.94 ± 0.03 % of NH3, and 2.45 ± 0.18 % of phosphorus. The essential and non-essential amino acid composition provided the following values: Methionine: 1.57 ± 0.06 %, Threonine: 2.34 ± 0.08 %, Tryptophan: 0.56 ± 0.02 %, Arginine: 3.37 ± 0.12 %, Histidine: 1.32 ± 0.02 %, Isoleucine: 2.35 ± 0.05 %, Leucine: 4.27 ± 0.32 %, Lysine: 4.34 ± 0.27 %, Valine: 2.71 ± 0.09 %, Phenylalanine: 2.22 ± 0.07 %, Glycine: 5.12 ± 0.17 %, Serine: 2.43 ± 0.05 %, Proline: 3.11 ± 0.06 %, Alanine: 3.85 ± 0.09 %, Cysteine: 0.53 ± 0.15 %, Asparagine: 5.08 ± 0.2 %, and Glutamine: 7.63 ± 0.16 % dry weight. Compared to a number of international standards for evaluating sturgeon body composition and amino acid profile, the present study showed identical results in sturgeon farms to those released by FAO in 2011. Overall, the Persian sturgeon is not only an invaluable source of protein (i.e., essential and non-essential amino acids), but it can also assist farmers and researchers in formulating fish diets based on their real nutrition needs. 1 14 2020/09/10 1399/6/20 2020/10/31 1399/8/10 N. Arab N. Arab Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran IRAN n.arab@srbiau.ac.ir M. Shamsaei Mehrgan M. Shamsaei Mehrgan Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran IRAN m.shamsaie@srbiau.ac.ir F. Foroudi F. Foroudi Department of Animal Science, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Varamin, Iran IRAN f.foroudi@iauvaramin.ac.ir M. Soltani M. Soltani Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran IRAN msoltani@ut.ac.ir M. Chamani M. 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Review Article: The impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on aquatic food production: A review 2 2 The novel pandemic disease has been evaluated as a global health emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO) due to its rapid spread worldwide. In many countries, the established restrictive measures on the movement and travel have had adverse economic outcomes, including a substantial drop in both jobs and salaries, in these communities. The economic consequences of the COVID-19 have severely affected the aquatic food supply chain, i.e. the fishers, aquaculture farmers, processing, and marketing sector due to the decrease in consumer purchasing power. There is increasing evidence that the farmers are not able to sell their products which lead to the live fish stocks increasing and therefore higher costs for feeding. In contrast, a fall in demand and selling price of aquatic food has resulted in a decline in fishing activities, which may give wild fish stocks a chance to recover. 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Review Article: Wound healing by functional compounds of Echinodermata, Spirulina and chitin products: A review 2 2 Wound healing in humans and animals, occurs with a completely complex and advanced mechanism of stages: inflammation, proliferation, repair and regeneration. So far, many health and financial costs have been incurred in human society due to a lack of timely repairs. Therefore, in modern knowledge to heal all kinds of wounds, reduce repair time and prevent infection, much consideration is paid to the use of natural treatment methods and the use of biological science. In the meantime, seas have opened up a wide range of natural medicines for us. If new pharmacological findings show positive results from aquatic effects such as sea cucumber, sea urchin, starfish, algae and their products such as alginate and chitosan, they can be introduced as antibacterial, anti-coagulant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-parasitic, anti-viral, anti-protozoan and anti-fungal compounds. In these products, many repair factors have been proven such as prevention of wounds from infections caused by bacterial, fungal and viral microorganisms, ease of use of the product, cheapness and availability, the ability to clean secretions and protect the skin, prevent the growth of granular tissue and repair fast without allergenic reactions. According to studies, Sea-derived products may increase pro-inflammatory factors and inhibit inflammatory factors, thereby enhancing wound healing. These factors increase the production of cytokines in wound sites. By increasing the command of phagocytic cells, cytokines cleanse the wound and prevent infection. In addition, stimulation of keratinocyte migration to wound edges, proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts, and regulation of extracellular matrix proteins are mediated by the release of extra cytokines and growth factors. 23 38 2020/09/102020/08/202020/08/5 1399/5/15 2020/10/312020/10/302020/10/26 1399/8/5 M. Parvizi Fara M. Parvizi Fara Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Iran bsh443@gmail.com S. Kakoolaki S. Kakoolaki Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran Iran bsh443@gmail.com A. Asghari A. Asghari Department of Large Animal Surgery, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Iran bsh443@gmail.combsh443@gmail.com I. Sharifpour I. Sharifpour Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran Iran isharifpour@yahoo.com R. 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Research Article: Histopathological features of infection by Streptococcus iniae in Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus 2 2 The present study evaluated the susceptibility of juvenile Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus, to Streptococcus iniae. Fish were intraperitoneally injected with 4.7 × 104 CFU fish-1. The control fish received sterile normal saline (PBS) intraperitoneally. The fish were monitored for clinical signs, and mortalities were recoded daily for two weeks post-challenge. Moribund and/or freshly dead fish were immediately removed for biopsy and/or necropsy, gross evaluation, and histopathological examinations, and the cause of mortality was confirmed by re-isolation of the S. iniae from kidney or spleen using standard microbiological tests. Mortality rates were in ranged from 20.83 to 83.33% within 48 to 120 h post challenge. Hepatocyte vacuolization, focal necrosis and melano-macrophage aggregation were dominant histological findings in affected fish. Severe meningitis with massive inflammatory cells infiltration and vacuolation were also detected in the brain layers. In addition, the kidney tissues exhibited severe necrosis, diffused tubular degeneration, hyaline exudates accumulation in tubular lumens, shrinkage of glomeruli, dilation of Bowman’s space, cellular infiltration and interstitial tissue necrosis. Hyperemia and inflammatory cells infiltration in the base of primary lamella were the most common histopathological signs of gills. In the eye sections, congestion, hemorrhage and degeneration of the retinal layers were also observable. These histopathological findings show that juvenile Persian sturgeon is a highly susceptible species to S. iniae thus, raising a high risk of streptococcosis outbreaks in sturgeon aquaculture either in freshwater or marine environments. 39 48 2020/09/102020/08/202020/08/52020/05/9 1399/2/20 2020/10/312020/10/302020/10/262020/10/29 1399/8/8 I Sharirfpour I Sharirfpour Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran. Iran isharifpour@yahoo.com M Soltani M Soltani Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, Freshwater Fish Group and Fish Health Unit, Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, School of Veterinary and Life Science, Murdoch University, Australia Iran msoltani@ut.ac.ir M Mazandarani M Mazandarani Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, University of Gorgan, Gogan, Iran Iran isharifpour@yahoo.com Acipenser persicus Streptococcus iniae Histopathology Agnew, W. and Barones, A.C., 2007. Streptococcus iniae: An aquatic pathogen of global veterinary significance and a challenging candidate for reliable vaccination. Veterinary Microbiology, 122, 1–15. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.03.002.##Avci, H., Aydogan, A., Tanrikul, T.T. and Birincioglu, S., 2010. Pathological and Microbiological Investigations in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) Naturally Infected With Lactococcus garvieae. The Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kafkas, 16, 313-318.##Azad, I.S., Al-Marzouk, A., James, C.M., Almatar, S., Al-Gharabally, H. and Qasem, J.A., 2012. Outbreak of natural Streptococcosis in hatchery produced silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus Euphrasen) larvae in Kuwait. Aquaculture 330, 15–20. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.12.010##Chang, P.H. and Plumb, J.A., 1996. Histopathology of experimental Streptococcus sp. infection in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), and channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque). Journal of Fish Diseases, 19, 235-241. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.1996.tb00130.x##Chen,D., Peng, Sh., Chen,D., Yang, F., Liu, J., Wang, J., Liu, Q., Huang, X., Ouyang, P., Wang, K., Li, Z. and Geng, Y., 2020. Low lethal doses of Streptococcus iniae caused enteritis in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 104, 654-662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.020##Chen, S., Hu, Y., Jiao, X. and Sun, L., 2010. Identification and immunoprotective analysis of a Streptococcus iniae subunit vaccine candidate. Vaccine, 28, 2636–2641. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.01.016.##Deng, M., Yu, Z., Geng, Y., Wang, K., Chen, D., Huang, X., Ou, Y., Chen, Z. and Zhong, Z., 2017. Outbreaks of streptococcosis associated with Streptococcus iniae in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) in China. Aquaculture research, 48(3), 909 -919. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12934##Ferguson, H.W., Morales, J.A. and Ostland, V.E., 1994. Streptococcosis in aquarium fish. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 19, 1–6. doi: 10.3354/dao019001##Muhammad, M., Zhang, T., Gong, S., Bai, J., Ju, J., Zhao, B. and Liu, D., 2020. 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Characterization of Streptococcus iniae isolated from ornamental cyprinid fishes and development of challenge models. Aquaculture, 256, 105–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.02.046##Soltani, M., Jamshidi, Sh. and Sharifpour, I., 2005. Streptococcosis caused by Streptococcus iniae in farmed rainbow trout (O. Mykiss) in Iran: Biophysical characteristics and pathogenesis. Bulletin of European Association of Fish Pathologists, 25, 95-106.##Soltani, M., Mazandarani, M., Mirzargar, S., Ebrahimzade Mousavi, H.A, Taheri-Mirghaed, A. and Khoshbavar-Rostami, H.A., 2014. Pathogenicity of Streptococcus iniae in Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) fingerling. Journal of Veterinary Research, 69(2), 119-125.##Soltani, M., Nikbakht, Gh., Mousavi, H.A.E. and Ahmadzade, N., 2008. Epizootic outbreak of lactococcosis caused by Lactococcus garvieae in farmed rainbow trout (O. Mykiss) in Iran: Biophysical characteristics and pathogenesis. Bulletin of European Association of Fish Pathologists, 28, 207- 212.##Soto, E., Richey, C., Stevens, B., Yun, S., Kenelty, K., Reichley, S., Griffin, M., Kurobe, T. and Camus, A., 2017. Co-infection of Acipenserid herpesvirus 2 (AciHV-2) and Streptococcus iniae in cultured white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). Disease of Aquatic Organism, 124, 11-20. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03108##Suanyuk, N., Sukkasame, N., Tanmark, N., Yoshida, T., Itami, T., Thune, R.L., Tantikitti, C. and Supamattaya, K., 2010. Streptococcus iniae infection in cultured Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) and red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) in southern Thailand. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 32, 341-348.##Yang, W. and Li, A. 2009. Isolation and characterization of Streptococcus dysagalactiae from diseased Acipenser schrenckii. Aquaculture, 294, 14–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.05.018##Yuasa, K., Kitancharoen, N., Kataoka, Y. and Al-Murbaty, F.A., 1999. 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Research Article: Intensity and prevalence of endoparasite helminths in little tuna (Euthynnus affinis) at Muncar and Panarukan Fish Auction Place, East Java, Indonesia 2 2 Little tuna (Euthynnus affinis) is an important economics commodity consumed daily. This study aims to identify the type of endoparasites that infect little tuna (E. affinis), calculate and analyze the prevalence and intensity of endoparasitic helminth that infect E. affinis in Fish Auction Place Muncar, Banyuwangi Regency and Panarukan, Situbondo Regency. The method used in this research is a survey method by sampling at the research location directly. Totally 150 samples were taken, three times. The parameters of this study are the prevalence and intensity of endoparasitic helminth. The results showed that the endoparasitic helminths which infecte little tuna were larvae of Anisakis simplex, Rhadinorhyncus cololabis and Rhipidocotyle sp. The prevalence level of little tuna endoparasite helminth in Fish Auction Place Panarukan was 51.11% which is frequent while in FAP Muncar was 47,78 % which is general. Intensity of endoparasite helminth in FAP Panarukan is higher, which was 3.86 where as in Fish Auction Place Muncar was 3.37, both are in low category. 49 59 2020/09/102020/08/202020/08/52020/05/92020/04/7 1399/1/19 2020/10/312020/10/302020/10/262020/10/292020/10/31 1399/8/10 M Pardede M Pardede Departement of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Airlangga University, Indonesia Indonesia mariaagustinapardede@gmail.com G Mahasri G Mahasri Departement of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Airlangga University, Indonesia Indonesia mahasritot@gmail.com M. F Ulkhaq M. 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Research Article: The effect of different concentrations of Lacticaseibacillus casei on the growth performance and intestinal morphology of zebrafish (Danio rerio) 2 2 Considering the increasing rate of antibiotic resistance and consequently the need for using alternative compounds to increase immunity and prevent diseases, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of Lacticaseibacillus casei on the growth indices and intestinal morphology of adult zebrafish. This study was conducted on 80 zebrafish (mean weight: 0.25±0.05 g and mean length: 2.5±0.05 cm), which were assigned to four groups with two replications. Three of the groups received L. casei at each of the concentrations of 1.5×104, 1.5×107, 1.5×108 CFU/ml, and one served as the control, which was fed with the basic diet. Samples were collected to examine the weight (W), length (TL), condition factor (CF), and intestinal morphological changes of the fish at the end of the study. The results showed that the probiotic diet boosted the weight and length of the fish compared to the control group (p>0.05). Based on these results, feeding with L. casei probiotic exerted the most potent and least impact on the growth of the fish at the concentrations of 1.5×108 CFU/ml and 1.5×107 CFU/ml, respectively. There was also a significant change in intestinal villous length after receiving the probiotic diet compared with the control group (p<0.05). However, intestinal villous length was not significantly different comparing the groups receiving different concentrations of the probiotic (p>0.05). Based on the results of this study and observed increased length of intestinal villous after being fed with L. casei, which will subsequently increase the nutrient absorption and growth of fish, it is recommended to use this probiotic at the indicated concentrations (1.5×108 CFU/ml) as a dietary supplement. 60 70 2020/09/102020/08/202020/08/52020/05/92020/04/72020/09/20 1399/6/30 2020/10/312020/10/302020/10/262020/10/292020/10/312020/11/12 1399/8/22 S. S Alavinezhad S. S Alavinezhad Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Iran shivaalavinejad@ut.ac.ir R Kazempoor R Kazempoor Department of Biology, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran Iran r.kazempoor@riau.ac.ir S Kakoolaki S Kakoolaki Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran Iran bsh443@gmail.com S. A. A Anvar S. A. 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