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Socio-economic impacts of Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak on world shrimp aquaculture sector 2 2 The COVID-19 pandemic is now spreading throughout the world affecting the agricultural activities including fish and shrimp culture sectors. Most of the shrimp producing countries particularly in South-east Asia have been affected due to the lockdown, quarantine roles and regulations ordered by the countries, which was assigned to reduce and control the COVID-19 pandemic spreading in the globe. The current establishment of the restriction and quarantine roles has significantly reduced the domestic and international transportations that can seriously affect the shrimp supply chain in the world. Further, the labor shortage, delay in shrimp harvesting and insufficient supply for the processing of shrimp in the plants are other impacts due to coronavirus outbreaks. The impacts of COVID-19 disease on world shrimp aquaculture can be numerous and is varied depending on the several factors. For instance shrimp culture in some countries such as India and Thailand could be seriously affected by insufficient SPF-shrimp broodstocks, labor shortage, transport restrictions, delayed harvesting (results in soft-shell shrimp) and uncertainty in shrimp trade whereas in other regions including Indonesia and Vietnam the Coronavirus-side effects on shrimp industry are relatively low. This review addressed the socio-economic impacts due to COVID-19 on the shrimp aquaculture sector in 2020. 1 18 2020/07/22 1399/5/1 2020/08/13 1399/5/23 S. Kakoolaki S. Kakoolaki Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran IRAN bsh443@gmail.com S. A. M. Ebne al-Torab S. A. M. Ebne al-Torab Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran IRAN bsh443@gmail.com A. Ghajari A. Ghajari Iran Veterinary Organization, Aquatic Animal Diseases Management & Health Office, Tehran, Iran IRAN A. A. Anvar A. A. Anvar Department of Food Hygiene, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran IRAN bsh443@gmail.com A. Sepahdari A. Sepahdari Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran IRAN bsh443@gmail.com H. Ahari H. Ahari Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran IRAN bsh443@gmail.com H. Hoseinzadeh H. Hoseinzadeh Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran IRAN bsh443@gmail.com COVID-19 Coronavirus Shrimp culture Shrimp trade socio-economic Lockdown Abhimanyu, J., Ankita, K., Balaji S. J, Jumrani, J., Kingsly, I, Kumar, K., N. P. S., Birthal P. S, Sharma, P., Saxena, R., Srivastava, S., Subash S. P, Pal, S. and Nikam, V., 2020. COVID-19 lockdown and Indian agriculture: Options to reduce the impact. India: ICAR-National Institute of Agricultural Economics and Policy Research.31.##Bennett, N. J., Finkbeiner, E. M., Ban, N. C., Belhabib, D., Jupiter, S. D., Kittinger, J. N., Mangubhai, S., Scholtens, J., Gill, D. and Christie, P., 2020. The COVID-19 Pandemic, Small-Scale Fisheries and Coastal Fishing Communities. Coastal Management, doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2020.1766937, 1-11 (In press).## ##CIBA 2020. Impact of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) related lockdown on Shrimp aquaculture sector In India: Issues and way forward. India: Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture.16.##Cision. 2020. World Shrimp Industry Opportunity Assessment 2020-2026. Research and Markets, p. 25.##Dao, T., 2020a. Coronavirus outbreak to hit Vietnam’s pangasius, shrimp exports in short-term. SeafoodSource, IPortland, USA: Diversified Communication.3.##Dao, T., 2020b. India likely to miss seafood export target this year due to coronavirus turmoil. SeafoodSources, IPortland, USA: Diversified Communications.##Dao, T., 2020c. Indonesian shrimp-producing province hit hard by coronavirus. Seafoodsource, IPortland, USA: Diversified Communication.2.##Dao, T., 2020d. Labor shortage in India's shrimp factories easing. SeafoodSource, IPortland, USA: Diversified Communications.##Dao, T., 2020e. Vietnam’s seafood exports hit hard by coronavirus outbreak. Seafoodsource, IPortland, USA: Diversified Communications.##Dao, T., 2020f. Vietnam’s shrimp sector thriving thanks to swift COVID-19 containment. Seafoodsource, IPortland, USA: Diversified Communications.2.##Edward Gnana, J. G., Sugumar, C. and VIDYA A., 2020. India’s shrimp industry adapts to COVID-19 restrictions. Global Aquaculture Alliance, IUSA: GAA.7.##Fachrudin, A. and Suhendra, C. N., 2020. Covid-19 registers minimal impact on shrimp sector in Indonesia. Asian-Agribiz, ISingapore: Agribusiness Media.##FAO. 2020. A quarterly update on world seafood markets. Roma: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.80.##GLOBEFISH. 2020a. COVID-19 dampens the initially positive shrimp forecast for 2020. Rome: FAO.##GLOBEFISH. 2020b. Farmed shrimp stayed stable in Asia, increased production in Latin America. Rome: FAO.##Harkell, L., 2020a. Chinese city reports positive sample of coronavirus on Ecuadorian shrimp packaging. Undercurrentnews, ILondon: True North Seafood Co, https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2020/03/20/shrimp-prices-fall-fast-in-ecuador-india-as-former-eyes-production-drop/.##Harkell, L., 2020b. Trade insights: Huge Ecuadorian shrimp exports to China in May. Undercurrentnews, ILondon: True North Seafood Co.##Huffman, J., 2020a. Blocked in China, Ecuador shrimp industry cozies up more to US market. Undercurrentnews, ILondon: True North Seafood Co.##Huffman, J., 2020b. US shrimp imports continued rise in April in spite of COVID. Undercurrentnews, ILondon: True North Seafood Co.##IFO. 2020. Annual report of fisheries and aquacultre status in Iran. Tehran: Shilat.##INFOFISH. 2020. India And Ecuador: When Covid-19 Makes Harvest And Processing Of Prawn Complicated. Undercurrentnews, IVietnam: VASEP, the Vietnam Association of Seafood.##Lee, R., 2020. Vietnam shrimp exports head to increase in May amid Covid-19 pandemic. Vietnamtimes, IVietnam: The Vietnam Union of Friendship Organization.##Lozano, G., 2020. Ecuador clings to China to save shrimp industry from crisis. dialogochino, China: China dialogue.##Love, D., Allison, E., Asche, F., Belton, B., Cottrell, R., Froelich, H., Gephart, J., Hicks, C., Little, D. and Nussbaumer, E., 2020. Emerging COVID-19 impacts, responses, and lessons for building resilience in the seafood system. Malaysia: worldfishcenter.22.##Matilde, M., 2020. Rabobank: Farmed shrimp will be one of hardest hit sectors by coronavirus. Undercurrentnews, ILondon: True North Seafood Co.##Molinari, C., 2020. With coronavirus-extended New Year holiday declared over, Ecuador hopes shrimp exports to China rebound. SeafoodSource, IPortland, USA: Diversified communication.##OECD-FAO. 2019. OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2019-2028. Paris: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Roma 140.##Saokaew, D., 2020. COVID-19: Labor shortage on Thai farms could threaten food supply. CTGN, IChina: Beijing ICP.##Seafood Trade Inteligence Portal. 2020. Weekly price of shrimp. Retrieved from https://seafood-tip.com/.##Seaman, T., 2020a. Ecuador, China ink sanitary agreement even as more coronavirus-linked shrimp packages found. Undercurrentnews, ILondon: True North Seafood Co.##Seaman, T., 2020b. Editor’s recap: Ecuador shrimp prices dive, production in India set to fall; Conxemar organizer mulls Brussels show. Unsercurrentnews, ILondon: True North Seafood Co.##UN. 2019. World Economic Situation And Prospects. USA: United Nations.4.##WHO. 2020. WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Rome: WHO-FAO.## ##

The effect of gradually decline of salinity on haemolymph parameters of adult shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) 2 2 The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of salinity levels (40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10 and 5‰) on haemolymph parameters and survival of adult shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Shrimps were distributed in fiberglass tanks containing water with 40‰ salinity then salinity was gradually declined during 7 days at rate of 5‰ a day by adding clean fresh water. Haemolymph of three shrimps was daily sampled from each treatment in triplicates. The haemolymph parameters including total haemocyte count (THC), total plasma protein (TPP), differential haemocyte count (DHC) were measured. Significant differences were found between treatments in terms of THC values (p<0.05). The highest THC were observed in shrimps exposed to salinities of 25 and 5‰ (p>0.05) versus the lowest THC was measured in 35‰ one. No significant difference was found in TPP levels between examined salinities (p>0.05). Hyaline cell composed 67.8 to 68% of THC (31.4 × 106 ± 0.79 × 106 cell ml-1), but those of semi-granular and granular cells were 1.8 to 2% and 29.4 to 30%, respectively. Both semi-granular and granular cell counts were significantly lower in group 10‰ throughout the experiment period. However, hyaline cells count was found to be lower in shrimps exposed to 30‰, 25‰ and 20‰ salinities (p<0.05). The semi-granular cells showed higher values in shrimps exposed to salinities of 30‰ compared to other treatments (p<0.05). In salinities of 5‰ and 10‰, the values of granular cells were the lowest. It is suggested that a declining rate of 5‰ in salinity of water per day conducting for adaptation of L. vannamei could be appropriate to the shrimp, since THC and TPP levels can be recovered every 7 days through the salinity change. 19 28 2020/07/222020/06/17 1399/3/28 2020/08/132020/08/13 1399/5/23 M. K. Pazir M. K. Pazir Shrimp Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Bushehr, Iran IRAN dr.pazir@gmail.com A. Ajdari A. Ajdari Offshore fisheries Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Chabahar, Iran. IRAN a_arzhan@yahoo.com A. Ghawampour A. Ghawampour Shrimp Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Bushehr, Iran. IRAN alighawam@yahoo.com Litopenaeus vannamei Salinity Immune Parameters Survival Afsharnasab, M., Kakoolaki, S., Afazli, F., 2014. The Status of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in Islamic Republic of Iran. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 13, 1021-1055.##Cheng, W., Wang, L.-U., Chen, J.-C., 2005. Effect of water temperature on the immune response of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to Vibrio alginolyticus. Aquaculture, 250, 592-601.##Esparza‐Leal, H.M., Ponce‐Palafox, J.T., Cervantes‐Cervantes, C.M., Valenzuela‐Quiñónez, W., Luna‐González, A., López‐Álvarez, E.S., Vázquez‐Montoya, N., López‐Espinoza, M., Gómez‐Peraza, R.L., 2019. Effects of low salinity exposure on immunological, physiological and growth performance in Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture Research, 50, 944-950.##Gao, W., Tian, L., Huang, T., Yao, M., Hu, W., Xu, Q., 2016. Effect of salinity on the growth performance, osmolarity and metabolism-related gene expression in white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture Reports, 4, 125-129.##Ghaednia, B., Mirbakhsh, M., Sharifpour, I., Mehrabi, M.R., Yeghaneh, V., Shamsiyan, S., 2012. Dietary administration of yeast β 1, 3 1, 6 glucan on immunity and survival rate of white Indian shrimp, Fennerpenaeus indicus challenged with white spot syndrome disease. Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research, 2, 24-31.##Jia, X., Wang, F., Lu, Y., Zhang, D., Dong, S., 2014. Immune responses of Litopenaeus vannamei to thermal stress: a comparative study of shrimp in freshwater and seawater conditions. Marine and freshwater behaviour and physiology, 47, 79-92.##Jiang, L.-x., Pan, L.-q., Fang, B., 2005. Effect of dissolved oxygen on immune parameters of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 18, 185-188.##Johansson, M.W., Keyser, P., Sritunyalucksana, K., Söderhäll, K., 2000. Crustacean haemocytes and haematopoiesis. Aquaculture, 191, 45-52.##Kakoolaki, S., Afsharnasab, M., Sharifpour, I., 2015. The relation between temperature and salinity with WSSV occurrence in shrimp farms in Iran: An article review. Survey in Fisheries Sciences, 2, 31-41.##Kakoolaki, S., Sharifpour, I., Soltani, M., Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi, H., Mirzargar, S., Rostami, M., 2010. Selected morpho-chemical features of hemocytes in farmed shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus in Iran. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 9, 219-232.##Kakoolaki, S., Soltani, M., Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi, H.A., Sharifpour, I., Mirzargar, S., Afsharnasab, M., Motalebi, A., 2011. The effect of different salinities on mortality and histopathological changes of SPF imported Litopenaeus vannamei, experimentally exposed to white spot virus and a new defferential hemocyte staining method. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 10 (3), 447-460.##Kondo, M., 2003. Experiments of body defence mechanisms in crustacean. Shimonoseki: NFU, 1-13.##Le Moullac, G., Haffner, P., 2000. Environmental factors affecting immune responses in Crustacea. Aquaculture, 191, 121-131.##Lin, Y.-C., Chen, J.-C., Li, C.-C., W. Morni, W.Z., A. Suhaili, A.S.N., Kuo, Y.-H., Chang, Y.-H., Chen, L.-L., Tsui, W.-C., Chen, Y.-Y., Huang, C.-L., 2012. Modulation of the innate immune system in white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei following long-term low salinity exposure. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 33, 324-331.##Liu, C.-H., Cheng, W., Hsu, J.-P., Chen, J.-C., 2004. Vibrio alginolyticus infection in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and 16S rDNA sequencing. Diseases of aquatic organisms, 61, 169-174.##Lu-Qing, P., Ling-Xu, J., Jing-Jing, M., 2005. Effects of salinity and pH on immune parameters of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Journal of Shellfish Research, 24, 1223-1227.##Pan, L.-Q., Zhang, L.-J., Liu, H.-Y., 2007. Effects of salinity and pH on ion-transport enzyme activities, survival and growth of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae. Aquaculture, 273, 711-720.##Pan, L.Q., Jiang, L.X., 2001. Effect of sudden changes in salinity and pH on the immune activity of two species of shrimp. Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao, 32, 903-910.##Pazir, M.K., Afsharnasab, M., Jalali Jafari, B., Sharifpour, I., Motalebi, A.A., Dashtiannasab, A., 2011. Detection and identification of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) of Litopenaus vannamei from Bushehr and Sistan and Baloochestan provinces (Iran), during 2009-2010. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 10, 708-726.##Perazzolo, L.M., Gargioni, R., Ogliari, P., Barracco, M.A.A., 2002. Evaluation of some hemato-immunological parameters in the shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis submitted to environmental and physiological stress. Aquaculture, 214, 19-33.##Ponce-Palafox, J., Martinez-Palacios, C.A., Ross, L.G., 1997. The effects of salinity and temperature on the growth and survival rates of juvenile white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, Boone, 1931. 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Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, 106, 299-303.##Vargas-Albores, F., Hinojosa-Baltazar, P., Portillo-Clark, G., Magallon-Barajas, F., 1998. Influence of temperature and salinity on the yellowleg shrimp, Penaeus californieinsis Holmes, prophenoloxidase system. Aquaculture Research, 29, 549-553.##Verghese, B., Radhakrishnan, E., Padhi, A., 2007. Effect of environmental parameters on immune response of the Indian spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus, 1758). Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 23, 928-936.##Wang, F.I., Chen, J.-C., 2006. Effect of salinity on the immune response of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon and its susceptibility to Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 20, 671-681.##Wang, L.-U., Chen, J.-C., 2005. The immune response of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and its susceptibility to Vibrio alginolyticus at different salinity levels. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 18, 269-278.## ##

Surveying riparian zone and water quality of Jajrud River 2 2 In this paper the riparian zones and water quality of Jajrud River were examined. Human and economic factors affecting the river ecosystem have been assessed for ten years. The evaluation results show that the total exploiters of agriculture, forestry and fisheries, 12.02%, the number of horticultural exploitation is 15.75%, the number of beekeeping exploitation is 18.01%, the number of active agricultural cooperatives 50%, the number of issued building permits has increased by 270.45%, the number of active service cooperatives covered by the General Directorate of Cooperatives has increased by 56.25%, the construction of freeways, highways and main roads has increased by 89.69%. Examination of qualitative parameters including nitrate, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, BOD5, COD, pH, phosphate and ammonium shows that BOD5, TDS and  NH4 exceeds 14 times, 16 times and 17 times more than allowable limits respectively. Surveying riparian zones shows that a total of 168 ha of areas around the river need to be rehabilitated to restore vegetation that was effective in reducing and controlling non-point water pollution. 29 43 2020/07/222020/06/172020/06/21 1399/4/1 2020/08/132020/08/132020/08/13 1399/5/23 R. Ameri Siahouei R. Ameri Siahouei Department of Environmental Management, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran IRAN moogouei_roxana@yahoo.com M. Zaeimdar M. Zaeimdar Department of Environmental Management, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran IRAN moogouei_roxana@yahoo.com R. Moogouei R. Moogouei Department of Environmental Management, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran IRAN r_moogoui@iau-tnb.ac.ir S. A. Jozi S. A. Jozi Department of Environment, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran IRAN Jajrud River Plants water quality Agharazi, H., Ebrahimi, N. and Nikcheh, S., 2018. Human and natural incompatibility in the destruction of river walls (Case study: Gharachai river, Markazi province), 3rd National Conference on Soil Protection and Watershed Management, June 20-30, 2016.##Ameri Siahouei, R., Zaeimdar, M., Moogouei, R. and Jozi, S.A., 2020. Potential of Cyperus alternifolius, Amaranthus retroflexus, Closia cristata and Bambusa vulgaris to phytoremediate emerging contaminants and phytodesalination; Insight to floating beds technology. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 18(4), pp.309-317.##Asadi, M. E., 2005. Non-point source pollution in water Problems and views, Second National Conference on Watershed Management and Soil and Water Resources Management, Kerman, 1384. (In Persian).##Behbahaninia, A. and Salmasi, R., 2019. Investigating and recognizing the physical and chemical properties of Jajrud River pollutants, Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran.##Betz, F., Lauermann M. and Cyffka, B., 2018. Delineation of the riparian zone in data-scarce regions using fuzzy membership functions: An evaluation based on the case of the Naryn River in Kyrgyzstan. Geomorphology, 306, 170-181.##Chen, F., Lu, S., Hu, X., He, Q., Feng, C., Xu, Q., Chen, N., Ngo, H.H. and Guo, H., 2019. Multi-dimensional habitat vegetation restoration mode for lake riparian zone, Taihu, China. Ecological Engineering, 134, 56-64.## Fan, X., Cui, B., Zhao, H., Zhang, Z. and Zhang, H., 2010. Assessment of river water quality in Pearl River Delta using multivariate statistical techniques. 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Practical effect of calcium oxide and sodium chloride on the control and treatment of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in Gold fish (Carassius auratus) farms 2 2 In this study, seven aquaria were designated and 25 gold fish infected with Ich (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis) parasite were introduced to each of them. Different levels of Calcium oxide (13, 14 and 15 mg L-1) were used in three treatments of the group No 1. Three treatments in the second group received sodium chloride (1500, 2000, and 2500 mg L-1) with 72 h intervals respectively. In this study, the effectiveness of two drugs was compared through examining the normality of the data by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and one-way analysis of variance at the level of 0.5%. The data analysis was carried out via Duncan's discriminate test to compare the treatments with each other along with further analysis of data using SPSS 20 statistical software. In order to determine the effectiveness of drugs, wet slides were prepared from different parts of skin, fins and gills during the experimental stages and were subjected to microscopic observation. The results of this study showed that Cao 15 mg L-1 had the greatest effect on the fish gills and the fish showed the least parasites in this area (4.17 ± 2.48) (p<0.05).  The use of calcium oxide (Cao 14 mg L-1) and sodium chloride (NaCl 2500 mg L-1) had similar effects on the parasite in the gill area (p> 0.05). 44 53 2020/07/222020/06/172020/06/212020/05/16 1399/2/27 2020/08/132020/08/132020/08/132020/08/10 1399/5/20 M. Rahanandeh M. Rahanandeh Guilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran IRAN rahanandeh1340@gmail.com M. Rahanandeh M. Rahanandeh Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran IRAN rahanandeh1340@gmail.com Gold fish parasites Ichthyophthirius multifiliis calcium oxide sodium chloride Abdi, K., 2006. In formation and Application Aquatic Animals Pharmaceuticals, Publishers Daneshnegar pub, Daneshnegar, Tehran, Iran, 1Ed.p:258. (In Persian).##Alam, M.N., Ahmed G. U. and Chowdhury, M.B.R., 2014. Performance of herbal extracts on diseased fish. Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 12 (2), 225-230.##Bodensteiner, L.R., Sheehan, R.J., Wills P.S., Brandenburg, A.M. and Lewis W.M., 2000. Flowing water: an effective treatment for ichthyophthiriasis. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 12, 209–219.##Buchmann, K., Bresciani, J. and Larsen. A.H., 2003. Effects of sodium percarbonate and garlic extract on Ichthyopththirius multifiliis theronts and tomocysts: in vitro experiments. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 65, 21-24.##Burkart, M.A., Clark, T.G. and Dickeron, H.W., 1990. Immunization of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Fouquet): killed versus live vaccine. Journal of Fish Diseases, 13, 401-410.##Christoffersen, T.B., Kania, P.W., Gersdorff Jqrgensen L. and Buchmann K., 2017. Zebrafish Danio rerio as a model to study the immune response against infection with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Journal of Fish Diseases, 40, 847–852.##Heinecke, R.D. and Buchmann K., 2009. Control of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis using a combination of water filtration and sodium percarbonate: dose-response studies. Aquaculture, 288, 32-35.##Jalali, B. 1998. Parasites and parasitic diseases of Iranian freshwater fish, Iranian Department of Aquaculture, Iran Fisheries Publications, Tehran, Iran 1st Ed.p:155-167.##Jalali, B. and Barzegar, M., 2006. Fish parasites in Zarivar Lake. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 8, 47-58.##Lahnsteiner, F. and Weismann, T. 2007. Treatment of Ichthyophthiriasis in rainbow trout and common carp with common and alternative therapeutics. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 19, 186-194.##Natalia, D.A., Marchior, C., Fabiano, M., Maurício, S., Martins, S., Amaral, H., Bruno, J., Corrêa, D.A. and Silva, C. 2017. Hydrogen peroxide and chlorine dioxide against parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in jundiá fingerlings, Parasitology, 47 (12).##Noga, E.J., 2010. Fish disease: diagnosis and treatment, Iowa State university Press, USA, 2 Ed. P: 95-97.##Noor El-Deen, A.I., Abd El Hady, O.K., Kenawy, A.M. and Mona, S.Z., 2015. Study of the Prevailing External parasitic diseases in cultured freshwater tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Egypt. Life Science Journal, 12(8), 30-37.##Osman, H.A.M., Monier, M.M., Abd El Ghany, O.A., Ibrahim, T.G. and Ismail, M.M., 2009. Protection of goldfish (Carassius auratus) against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis by immunization with live theronts, trophonts and sonicated trophonts. Global Veterineria, 3(4), 329-334.##Rintamäki-Kinnunen, P., Rahkonen, M., Mannermaa-Keränen, A.L., Suomalainen, L.R., Mykrä, H. and Valtonen, E.T., 2005. Treatment of ichthyophthiriasis after malachite green. I. Concrete tanks at salmonid farms. Diseases of aquatic organisms, 64(1), 69-76.##Roberts, R.J. 2012. Fish Pathology, Bailliere Tindall, London. England. 4th Ed. P: 270.##Sahandi, J., Kanani, H.G. and Asgarabad, F.R. 2012. Influence of garlic (Allium Sativum) and mother worth (Matricaria chamomilla) Extract effects on Ichthyophtirius multifilus Parasite Treatment in Sail Fin Molly (Poecilia latipinna) Ornemental Fish. Global Veterinaria, 9 (3), 362–366.##Sharma, M., Srivastav A.B., Sahni, Y.P. and Pandey, G., 2012. Overviews of the treatment and control of common fish diseases. International Research Journal of Pharmaceuticals, 3(7), 123-127.##Song, K., Ling, F., Huang, A., Dong, W., Liu, G., Jiang, C. and Wang, G., 2015. In vitro and in vivo assessment of the effect of antiprotozoal compounds isolated from Psoralea corylifolia against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in fish. International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance, 5(2), 58-64.##Straus, D.L. and Meinelt, T., 2009 Acute toxicity of peracetic acid (PAA) formulations to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Parasitology Research, 104, 1237-1241.##Tieman, D.M. and Goodwin, A.E., 2001. Treatments for ich infestations in channel catfish evaluated under static and flow through water conditions. North American journal of aquaculture, 63, 293–299.##Traxler, G.S., Richard, J. and McDonald, T.E. 1998. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) epizootics in spawning sockeyes salmon in British Columbia, Canadian Journal of aquatic animal health, 10, 143-151.##Woo, P.T., Leatherland, J.F. and Bruno, D.W., 2006. Fish diseases and disorders (Vol. 3). CABI.##Xu, D.H. and Klesius, P.H., 2004. Two-year study on the infectivity of Ichthyophthirius multifiliisin channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 59(2), 131-134.##Xu, D., P.H., Klesius, C.A. and Shoemaker J. J., 2002. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in Channel Catfish in Vitro. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 12, 290-296.##Zhang, Q., Chen, D. and Liu, Q., 2009. Protective immunity of goldfish against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infection Induced by different trophont vac-Cine preparations. Journal of World Aquaculture Society, 40, 561–566.## ##

Some biochemical responses of Salmo trutta caspius in response to transport stress 2 2 One of the most important and influential stress causing problem and secondary diseases in fish is transport stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological effects of acute stress of fish transportation on some biochemicals in Salmo trutta caspius. A total of 100 fish were transported in plastic bags for 6 h and then released in 300-l tanks. Blood samples were taken after 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after a 6-h transportation (n=15). Based on the results, blood glucose increased compared to the basal value (p<0.05) after 6 h but the value was decreased at 12 and 24 h compared to that of 6 h. Cortisol value was increased significantly (p<0.05) in all sampling times.  Unexpectedly, protein content was significantly increased (p<0.05) at 24h. On the other hands, other parameters uch as Na+, Cl-, K+, did not show a significant  variation after transportation (p>0.05). 54 62 2020/07/222020/06/172020/06/212020/05/162020/06/15 1399/3/26 2020/08/132020/08/132020/08/132020/08/102020/08/13 1399/5/23 R. Kazempoor R. Kazempoor Department of Biology, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran IRAN r.kazempoor@riau.ac.ir S. Sh. Alavinezhad S. Sh. Alavinezhad Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran IRAN r.kazempoor@riau.ac.ir Salmo trutta caspius stress transport blood biochemical Barcelos, R. C. S., Rosa, H. Z., Roversi, K., dos Santos Tibúrcio-Machado, C., Inchaki, P. T., Burger, M. E. and de Souza Bier, C. A., 2020. Apical periodontitis induces changes on oxidative stress parameters and increases Na+/K+-ATPase activity in adult rats. Archives of Oral Biology, 118, 104849.##Barton, B. A., 2002. Stress in fishes: a diversity of responses with particular reference to changes in circulating corticosteroids. Integrative and comparative biology, 42(3), 517-525.##Brinn, R., Marcon, J., McComb, D., Gomes, L., Abreu, J. and Baldisseroto, B., 2012. Stress responses of the endemic freshwater cururu stingray (Potamotrygon cf. histrix) during transportation in the Amazon region of the Rio Negro. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 162(2), 139-145.##Corrêa, L. L., Souza, G. T., Takemoto, R. M., Ceccarelli, P. S. and Adriano, E. A., 2014. Behavioral changes caused by Austrodiplostomum spp. in Hoplias malabaricus from the São Francisco River, Brazil. Parasitology research, 113(2), 499-503.##Correia, J. P., Graça, J. T. and Hirofumi, M., 2008. Long‐term transportation, by road and air, of Devil‐ray (Mobula mobular), Meagre (Argyrosomus regius), and Ocean Sunfish (Mola mola). Zoo Biology, 27(3), 234-250.##de Abreu, J. S., Sanabria-Ochoa, A. I., Gonçalves, F. D. and Urbinati, E. C., 2008. Stress responses of juvenile matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) after transport in a closed system under different loading densities. Ciencia Rural, 38(5), 1413-1417.##Dobšíková, R., Svobodova, Z., Blahova, J., Modra, H. and Velíšek, J., 2009. The effect of transport on biochemical and haematological indices of common carp Cyprinus carpio L.). Czech Journal of Animal Science, 54(11), 510-518.##Foo, J.-N., Liu, J.-J. and Tan, E.-K., 2012. Whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing in neurological diseases. Nature Reviews Neurology, 8(9), 508-517.##Gomes, L. C., Brinn, R. P., Marcon, J. L., Dantas, L. A., Brandão, F. R., De Abreu, J. S., Lemos, P. E. M., McComb, D. M. and Baldisserotto, B., 2009. Benefits of using the probiotic Efinol® L during transportation of cardinal tetra, Paracheirodon axelrodi (Schultz), in the Amazon. Aquaculture Research, 40(2), 157-165.##Gomes, L. C., Roubach, R., Araujo‐Lima, C. A., Chippari‐Gomes, A. R., Lopes, N. P. and Urbinati, E. C., 2003. Effect of fish density during transportation on stress and mortality of juvenile tambaqui Colossoma macropomum. Journal of the World Aquaculture society, 34(1), 76-84.##Goos, H. T. and Consten, D., 2002. Stress adaptation, cortisol and pubertal development in the male common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 197(1-2), 105-116.##Harmon, T. S., 2009. Methods for reducing stressors and maintaining water quality associated with live fish transport in tanks: a review of the basics. Reviews in Aquaculture, 1(1), 58-66.##Henry, R. P., Lucu, C., Onken, H. and Weihrauch, D., 2012. Multiple functions of the crustacean gill: osmotic/ionic regulation, acid-base balance, ammonia excretion, and bioaccumulation of toxic metals. Frontiers in Physiology, 3, 431.##Herman, J. P., McKlveen, J. M., Ghosal, S., Kopp, B., Wulsin, A., Makinson, R., Scheimann, J. and Myers, B., 2011. Regulation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenocortical stress response. Comprehensive Physiology, 6(2), 603-621.##Jittinandana, S., Kenney, P., Mazik, P., Danley, M., Nelson, C., Kiser, R. and Hankins, J., 2005. Transport and stunning affect quality of Arctic char fillets. Journal of Muscle Foods, 16(3), 274-288.##Kalamarz-Kubiak, H., 2018. Cortisol in Correlation to Other Indicators of Fish Welfare. Edited by Ali Gamal Al-kaf, 155.##Marçalo, A., Pousão Ferreira, P., Mateus, L., Duarte Correia, J. and Stratoudakis, Y., 2008. Sardine early survival, physical condition and stress after introduction to captivity. Journal of Fish Biology, 72(1), 103-120.##Meinelt, T., Schreckenbach, K., Pietrock, M., Heidrich, S. and Steinberg, C. E., 2008. Humic substances. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 15(1), 17.##Narra, M. R., Rajender, K., Reddy, R. R., Murty, U. S. and Begum, G., 2017. Insecticides induced stress response and recuperation in fish: biomarkers in blood and tissues related to oxidative damage. Chemosphere, 168, 350-357.##Oyoo-Okoth, E., Cherop, L., Ngugi, C. C., Chepkirui-Boit, V., Manguya-Lusega, D., Ani-Sabwa, J. and Charo-Karisa, H., 2011. Survival and physiological response of Labeo victorianus (Pisces: Cyprinidae, Boulenger 1901) juveniles to transport stress under a salinity gradient. Aquaculture, 319(1-2), 226-231.##Pan, C. H., Chien, Y. H. and Wang, Y. J., 2010. The antioxidant capacity response to hypoxia stress during transportation of characins (Hyphessobrycon callistus Boulenger) fed diets supplemented with carotenoids. Aquaculture Research, 41(7), 973-981.##Pankhurst, N., 2011. The endocrinology of stress in fish: an environmental perspective. General and comparative endocrinology, 170(2), 265-275.##Peter, M. S. and Simi, S., 2017. Hypoxia Stress Modifies Na+/K+-ATPase, H+/K+-ATPase, Na+/NH 4+-ATPase, and nkaα1 Isoform Expression in the Brain of Immune-Challenged Air-Breathing Fish. Journal of Experimental Neuroscience, 11, 1-18.##Reglero, P., Balbín, R., Ortega, A., Alvarez-Berastegui, D., Gordoa, A., Torres, A. P., Moltó, V., Pascual, A., De La Gándara, F. and Alemany, F., 2013. First attempt to assess the viability of bluefin tuna spawning events in offshore cages located in an a priori favourable larval habitat. Scientia Marina, 77(4), 585-594.##Ruane, N. M., Carballo, E. C. and Komen, J., 2002. Increased stocking density influences the acute physiological stress response of common carp Cyprinus carpio (L.). Aquaculture Research, 33(10), 777-784.##Sampaio, F. D. and Freire, C. A., 2016. An overview of stress physiology of fish transport: changes in water quality as a function of transport duration. Fish and Fisheries, 17(4), 1055-1072.##Sarvi, K., Niksirat, H., Amiri, B. M., Mirtorabi, S., Rafiee, G. and Bakhtiyari, M., 2006. Cryopreservation of semen from the endangered Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius). Aquaculture, 256(1-4), 564-569.##Stankevičiūtė, M., Sauliutė, G., Makaras, T., Markuckas, A., Virbickas, T. and Baršienė, J., 2018. Responses of biomarkers in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) following exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of complex metal mixture (Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd). Part II. Ecotoxicology, 27(8), 1069-1086.##Stieglitz, J. D., Benetti, D. D. and Serafy, J. E., 2012. Optimizing transport of live juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum): effects of salinity and shipping biomass. Aquaculture, 364, 293-297.##Tacchi, L., Lowrey, L., Musharrafieh, R., Crossey, K., Larragoite, E. T. and Salinas, I., 2015. Effects of transportation stress and addition of salt to transport water on the skin mucosal homeostasis of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 435, 120-127.##Urbinati, E. C., de Abreu, J. S., da Silva Camargo, A. C. and Parra, M. A. L., 2004. Loading and transport stress of juvenile matrinxã (Brycon cephalus, Characidae) at various densities. Aquaculture, 229(1-4), 389-400.##Wright, K., Woods, C., Gray, B. and Lokman, P., 2007. Recovery from acute, chronic and transport stress in the pot‐bellied seahorse Hippocampus abdominalis. Journal of Fish Biology, 70(5), 1447-1457.##Wu, H., Aoki, A., Arimoto, T., Nakano, T., Ohnuki, H., Murata, M., Ren, H. and Endo, H., 2015. Fish stress become visible: A new attempt to use biosensor for real-time monitoring fish stress. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 67, 503-510.## ##

Partial replacement of wheat flour and corn meal with olive pomace in diet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): effects on growth performance, body composition, hematological parameters and sensory evaluation 2 2 This study was aimed to assess the possibility of partial replacement of wheat flour and corn meal with Olive pomace (OP) in the rainbow trout diet through evaluating the growth, immunological, and hematological indices as well as the flesh quality. ‎To this end, a total of 3600 rainbow trout (weighting 184±0.7 g) were fed with differecnt levels of OP (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 wt %) for 63 days, besides a control group without OP treatment. The findings exhibited no significant change in the growth indices of the experimental fish groups when compared to the control group. Among the exprimetnal groups, in general, the fish received 10% OP demonstrated the highest alterations. whereas the activity of superoxide dismutase, lysozyme, monocyte and neutrophil considerably increased when compare to the control treatment. Generally, OP inclusion decreased and increased, respectively, the saturated and unsaturated fatty acid contents of both liver and carcass tissues, especially at the higher levels. Taken together, OP could improve both health state and nutritional values of fish and the findings suggested the feasibility of partial OP replacement in the diet of rainbow trout. 63 77 2020/07/222020/06/172020/06/212020/05/162020/06/152020/04/27 1399/2/8 2020/08/132020/08/132020/08/132020/08/102020/08/132020/08/12 1399/5/22 M. Khoshkholgh M. Khoshkholgh Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, Iran IRAN majidreza@guilan.ac.ir‎ M. Mosapour Shajani M. Mosapour Shajani Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, Iran IRAN mshajani@guilan.ac.ir‎ M. Mohammadi M. Mohammadi Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, Iran IRAN mami.fishery@gmail.com Olive pomace dietary replacement fatty acid Rainbow trout Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1990. Official methods of official analytical chemist international (15th ed). Arlington, VA, USA.##Al-asgah, N., Younis, E. ., Abdel-Warith, A. A., El-Khaldy, A. A. and Amanat, A., 2011. Effect of Feeding Olive Waste on Growth Performance and Muscle Composition of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 13(2), 239–244.##Almaida-Pagán, P. F., Hernández, M. D., García García, B., Madrid, J. A., De Costa, J. and Mendiola, P., 2007. Effects of total replacement of fish oil by vegetable oils on n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid desaturation and elongation in sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo) hepatocytes and enterocytes. Aquaculture, 272(1–4), 589–598.##Balasundram, N., Sundram, K., and Samman, S. 2006. Phenolic compounds in plants and agri-industrial by-products: Antioxidant activity, occurrence, and potential uses. Food Chemistry, 99(1), 191–203.##Banavreh, A., Soltani, M., Kamali, A., Yazdani-Sadati, M. A., and Shamsaie, M. 2019a. Effects of olive pomace on growth performance, digestibility, body composition and fatty acid profile in yearling Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baerii (Brandt 1896). Aquaculture Nutrition, 25(2), 333–342.##Banavreh, A., Soltani, M., Kamali, A., Yazdani-Sadati, M. A. and Shamsaie, M., 2019b. Effects of olive pomace on growth performance, digestibility, body composition and fatty acid profile in yearling Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baerii (Brandt 1896). Aquaculture Nutrition, 25(2), 333–342.##Banavreh, A., Soltani, M., Kamali, A., Yazdani-Sadati, M. A., and Shamsaie, M. 2019c. Immuno-physiological and antioxidant responses of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) fed with different levels of olive pomace. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 45(4), 1419–1429.##Blaxhall, P. C., and Daisley, K. W., 1973. Routine haematological methods for use with fish blood. Journal of Fish Biology, 5(6), 771–781.##Castell, J. D., Lee, D. J., and Sinnhuber, R. O., 1972. Essential Fatty Acids in the Diet of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri): Lipid Metabolism and Fatty Acid Composition. The Journal of Nutrition, 102(1), 93–99.##Chen, S.J., Guo, Y.C., Espe, M., Yang, F., Fang, W.P., Wan, M.G., Niu, J., Liu, Y.J. and Tian, L.X., 2018. Growth performance, haematological parameters, antioxidant status and salinity stress tolerance of juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) fed different levels of dietary myo‐inositol. Aquaculture Nutrition, 24(5), 1527-1539.##Chen, Y., Li, M., Yuan, L., Xie, Y., Li, B., Xu, W., Meng, F. and Wang, R., 2017. Growth, blood health, antioxidant status and immune response in juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco exposed to α-ethinylestradiol (EE2). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 69, 1–5.##Cioffi, G., Pesca, M. S., De Caprariis, P., Braca, A., Severino, L., and De Tommasi, N., 2010. Phenolic compounds in olive oil and olive pomace from Cilento (Campania, Italy) and their antioxidant activity. Food Chemistry, 121(1), 105–111.##Dadras, H., Hayatbakhsh, M. R., Shelton, W. L., and Golpour, A., 2016. Effects of dietary administration of Rose hip and Safflower on growth performance, haematological, biochemical parameters and innate immune response of Beluga, Huso huso (Linnaeus, 1758). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 59(November), 109–114.##Dal Bosco, A., Mourvaki, E., Cardinali, R., Servili, M., Sebastiani, B., Ruggeri, S., Mattioli, S., Taticchi, A., Esposto, S. and Castellini, C., 2012. Effect of dietary supplementation with olive pomaces on the performance and meat quality of growing rabbits. Meat Science, 92(4), 783–788.##Folch, J., Lees, M., and Stanley, G. H. S., 1957. A Simple Method for the Isolation and Purification of Total Lipids from Animal Tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 497–509. Retrieved from http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10005446045/##Gatlin D. M, Barrows F. T, Brown P., Dabrowski K., Gaylord T. G., Hardy R.W. and Wurtele E., 2007. Expanding the utilization of sustainable plant products in aquafeeds: a review. Aquaculture research, 38(6):551–579.##Hosseini, S. V., Kenari, A. A., Regenstein, J. M., Rezaei, M., Nazari, R. M., Moghaddasi, M., Kaboli, S. A. and Grant, A. A., 2010. Effects of Alternative Dietary Lipid Sources on Growth Performance and Fatty Acid Composition of Beluga Sturgeon, Huso huso, Juveniles. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 41(4), 471–489.##Kamalam, B.S., Medale, F. and Panserat, S., 2017. Utilisation of dietary carbohydrates in farmed fishes: New insights on influencing factors, biological limitations and future strategies. Aquaculture, 467, 3-27.##Karantonis, H. C., Tsantila, N., Stamatakis, G., Samiotaki, M., Panayotou, G., Antonopoulou, S., and Demopoulos, C. A., 2007. Waste Byproducts, 32(2008), 443–459.##Khoshkholgh, M., Noverian, H., Mosapour Shajani, M., Mohammadi, M., and Azizi, M. S., 2013. The effect of olive oil cake on growth, body composition and sensory evaluation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of Fisheries (Iranian Journal of Natural Resources), 66(2), 133–144. Retrieved from https://jfisheries.ut.ac.ir/article_35691_en.html (In Persian)##Li, Q., Zhu, H.Y., Wei, J.J., Zhang, F., Li, E.C., Du, Z.Y., Qin, J.G. and Chen, L.Q., 2017. Effects of dietary lipid sources on growth performance, lipid metabolism and antioxidant status of juvenile Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii. Aquaculture Nutrition, 23(3), 500-510.##Lin, Y. H., and Cheng, M. Y., 2017. Effects of dietary organic acid supplementation on the growth, nutrient digestibility and intestinal histology of the giant grouper Epinephelus lanceolatus fed a diet with soybeanmeal. Aquaculture, 469, 106–111.##Martinsdóttir, E., 2010. Sensory quality management of fish. In Sensory Analysis for Food and Beverage Quality Control (pp. 293–315). Elsevier.##Nasopoulou, C., Stamatakis, G., Demopoulos, C. a, and Zabetakis, I., 2011. Effects of olive pomace and olive pomace oil on growth performance, fatty acid composition and cardio protective properties of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Food Chemistry, 129(3), 1108–1113.##O’Mahony, M., 1986. Sensory Evaluation of Food; Statistical Methods and Procedures. Taylor and Francis Group (1st Editio). New York, NY: Routledge.##Pahlow, M., Van Oel, P. R., Mekonnen, M. M., and Hoekstra, A. Y., 2015. Increasing pressure on freshwater resources due to terrestrial feed ingredients for aquaculture production. The Science of the Total Environment, 536, 847–857.## ##Palmegiano, G.B., Agradi, E., Forneris, G., Gai, F., Gasco, L., Rigamonti, E., Sicuro, B. and Zoccarato, I., 2005. Spirulina as a nutrient source in diets for growing sturgeon (Acipenser baeri). Aquaculture Research, 36(2), 188–195.##Pazos, M., Alonso, A., Fernández-Bolaños, J., Torres, J. L., and Medina, I., 2006. Physicochemical properties of natural phenolics from grapes and olive oil byproducts and their antioxidant activity in frozen horse mackerel fillets. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54(2), 366–373.##Richard, N., Kaushik, S., Larroquet, L., Panserat, S., and Corraze, G., 2006. Replacing dietary fish oil by vegetable oils has little effect on lipogenesis, lipid transport and tissue lipid uptake in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). British Journal of Nutrition, 96(02), 299.##Richard, N., Mourente, G., Kaushik, S., and Corraze, G., 2006. Replacement of a large portion of fish oil by vegetable oils does not affect lipogenesis, lipid transport and tissue lipid uptake in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Aquaculture, 261(3), 1077–1087.##Sansoucy, R., 1985. Olive by-products for animal feed. FAO. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved from.http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/X6545E/X6545E00.HTM##Sargent, J. R., Bell, J. G., Bell, M. V, Henderson, R. J., and Tocher, D. R., 1992. The Metabolism of Phospholipids and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Fish. Aquaculture: Fundamental and Applied Research, 43, 103–124.##Sicuro, B., Barbera, S., Daprà, F., Gai, F., Gasco, L., Paglialonga, G., Palmegiano, G.B. and Vilella, S., 2010. The olive oil by-product in ‘rainbow trout Onchorynchus mykyss (Walbaum)’ farming: productive results and quality of the product. Aquaculture Research, 41(10), e475-e486.##Zangeneh, S., and Torki, M., 2011. Effects of b-mannanase supplementing of olive pulp-included diet on performance of laying hens, egg quality characteristics, humoral and cellular immune response and blood parameters. Global Veterinaria, 7(September 2015), 391–398.## ##

Importance of herbs in aquaculture; Cinnamon a potent enhancer of growth and immunity in fish, Ctenopharyngodon idella 2 2 Aquaculture practices always strive for the betterment of human lives and for providing cheaper resources for fish production. As fish is the most common food source all over the world, its sustainable production is very important. The use of herbs provides a cheaper way towards the progress of aquaculture. Herbs are used in place of expensive chemicals and growth enhancers. Like others, cinnamon is also a good alternate for growth chemicals. Cinnamon is an aggregate of many related species with different names depending on the environmental conditions of different landmasses. Cinnamon contains many compounds and chemicals which are important for fish growth. Cinnamon when added to fish feed makes the fish fight against stress and grow healthy than before. Cinnamaldehydes, polyphenols, carbohydrates, flavonoids, etc., boost up the immune system of fish and act as an important antioxidant and antibiotic. It fastens the growth rate of fish and enhances the other growth and blood parameters as compared to other aquaculture systems using chemicals. Moreover, the use of cinnamon as a growth and immunity promotor is cheap and environmentally friendly compared to other synthetic antibiotics. 78 92 2020/07/222020/06/172020/06/212020/05/162020/06/152020/04/272020/06/7 1399/3/18 2020/08/132020/08/132020/08/132020/08/102020/08/132020/08/122020/08/13 1399/5/23 F. Ghafoor F. Ghafoor Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan Pakistan filzaghafoorjutt111@gmail.com Antibiotic Herb Cinnamon Fish Immunity Growth Abdel-Tawwab, M., Samir, F., Abd El-Naby, A.S. and Monier, M.N., 2018. Antioxidative and immunostimulatory effect of dietary cinnamon nanoparticles on the performance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) and its susceptibility to hypoxia stress and Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Fish & shellfish immunology, 74, 19-25.##Able, K.W. and Curran, M.C., 2008. Winter mortality in some temperate young of the year fish. Bull. New Jersey Academy of Science, 53(2), 1-5.##Afifi, F.U., Abu-Irmaileh, B.E. and Al-Noubani, R.A., 2009. Comparative analysis of the essential oils of Teucrium polium L. grown in different arid & semiarid habitats in Jordan. Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2(1), 42-52.##Ahmad, M.H., El Mesallamy, A.M., Samir, F. and Zahran, F., 2011. Effect of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) on growth performance, feed utilization, whole-body composition, and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in nile tilapia. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 23(4), 289-298.##Al-Ashaab, M.H., Ahmed, M.A. and Atee, R.S., 2017. 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Effects of calcium carbonate nanoparticles on water quality, growth and metabolic activity of Macrobrachium nipponense in zero-water exchange biofloc system 2 2 The purpose of the present research was to investigate the effects of adding calcium carbonate nanoparticles to the Macrobrachium nipponense diet in the biofloc system under zero exchange conditions. Oriental River prawn (inital weigh of 0.82 ± 0.07 g) were divided into four groups and fed four levels of calcium carbonate nanoparticles as following 0, 25, 50 and 100  mg kg−1 diet in biofloc system (CN0, CN25, CN50, and CN100) for 28 days. This study was applied complete randomized design with three replications. Water quality parameters were measured during the test period. Feed and growth parameters and some metabolic activities of hepatopancreas were measured. Physico-chemical water factors were in the appropriate range for this species. The concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite, and nitrate were not significantly different between the experimental groups. The growth of prawns was significantly higher and feed conversion ratio was lower in CN25 and CN50 groups compared to the control group. The lowest AST and ALT activities were observed in CN25 and CN50 groups compared to the control. The prawns fed with experiment diets had significantly higher total protein, hemocyanin, glucose, and calcium compared to the control. Overall, the results showed diets containing Nano-calcium carbonate at levels 25-50 mg kg-1 in CN25 and CN50 groups could improve growth performance and metabolic activity of oriental river prawn in the biofloc system. 93 104 2020/07/222020/06/172020/06/212020/05/162020/06/152020/04/272020/06/72020/06/6 1399/3/17 2020/08/132020/08/132020/08/132020/08/102020/08/132020/08/122020/08/132020/08/12 1399/5/22 R. Fakhari R. Fakhari Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture Science and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad, Iran IRAN fakhariraheleh5449@gmail.com H. Adineh H. Adineh Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture Science and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad, Iran IRAN adineh.h@gmail.com; adineh.h@gonbad.ac.ir H. Jafaryan H. Jafaryan Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture Science and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad, Iran IRAN hojat.jafaryan@gmail.com M. Harsij M. Harsij Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture Science and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad, Iran IRAN m_harsij80@yahoo.com M. Sudagar M. Sudagar Department of Aquaculture, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran IRAN sudagar.2015@gmail.com Macrobrachium nipponense nanoparticles physiology biofloc technology Adachi. K., Hirata, T., Nagai, K. and Sakaguchi, M., 2001. 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Antimicrobial properties of chitosan extracted from freshwater shrimp (Astacus leptodactylus) caught from Aras Lake 2 2 With the emerging of resistant microorganisms to conventional antibiotics, as well as consumers' concerns about the side effects of chemical drugs, the tendency for natural bioactive compounds is increasing. Astacus leptodactylus is considered for export and consumption in Iran, but during its processing a large amount of waste material could be produced. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antimicrobial properties of chitosan extracted from A. leptodactylus caught from Aras Lake. The shrimp was caught from Lake Aras and transferred to the Microbiology Laboratory of the Islamic Azad University of Lahijan close to ice. Chitosan was extracted from shrimp shells, and methanol extract of shrimp tissue was prepared. Antimicrobial activity of chitosan and extracts were evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli as well as two species of Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. Extracted chitosan showed a stronger inhibitory activity against S. aureus compared to E. coli. It was also observed that with increasing chitosan concentration, the inhibitory zone diameter increased against both S. aureus (p = 0.001) and E. coli (p = 0.122). It was also observed that the acidic solution of chitosan had a stronger antibacterial activity than aqueous solution of chitosan. The methanolic extract did not show significant effects on the studied microorganisms. Chitosan had a weak antifungal activity, although it showed a greater effect on A. niger than C. albicans. 105 117 2020/07/222020/06/172020/06/212020/05/162020/06/152020/04/272020/06/72020/06/62020/06/5 1399/3/16 2020/08/132020/08/132020/08/132020/08/102020/08/132020/08/122020/08/132020/08/122020/08/15 1399/5/25 M. Gholampoor M. Gholampoor Department of Marine Biology, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran IRAN G. Mahmoodi G. Mahmoodi Department of Biology, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran IRAN A. Moshfegh A. Moshfegh Department of Biology, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran IRAN moshfeghazam@gmail.com A. Tehranifard A. Tehranifard Department of Biology, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran IRAN Astacus leptodactylus Chitosan Antibacterial activity Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus Bhatia, P., & Chugh, A., 2015. 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