eng Iranian Association of Aquatic Animal Health Sustainable Aquaculture and Health Management Journal 2821-1383 2821-1383 2024-02 10 2 1 12 article A.R. Golchin Manshadi golchinalireza@yahoo.com 1 F. Shahandeh 2 1 Department of Veterinary science, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran 2 Gratuated of Faculty of veterinary Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran Contracaecum is a genus ofitic nematodes to the family Anisakidae, commonly found in fish as intermediate hosts to reach their definitive hosts. To assess the effect of this parasite on the haematological parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), a total of 60 fish were collected alive from the Parishan basin in Kazerun, Fars Province, Iran. Among these, 50% were infected with L3 larvae of Contracaecum sp., with an average intensity of 16.7 ± 2.03 helminths per fish. The fish were analyzed to establish various haematological parameters. The haematological analysis revealed significant reductions in haematocrit (HCT) and red blood cells (RBCs), while lymphocyte counts showed no significant change. White blood cells (WBCs) increased non-significantly (p>0.05), but monocytes and neutrophils exhibited a significant increase (p≤0.05). Variations between lymphocyte and WBC counts demonstrated non-significant differences (p>0.05) between infected and non-infected groups, whereas the other parameters showed significant differences (p≤0.05). Basophil and eosinophil values were not evaluated due to zero counts, resulting in no statistical analysis for these parameters. http://ijaah.ir/article-1-275-en.pdf Cyprinus carpio Hematology Contracaecum sp. Nematodes eng Iranian Association of Aquatic Animal Health Sustainable Aquaculture and Health Management Journal 2821-1383 2821-1383 2024-02 10 2 13 34 article M.A. Abdulaziz mahir.aldafter@gmail.com 1 T. Mohammadian t.mohammadian@scu.ac.ir 2 M. Mesbah m.mesbah@scu.ac.ir 3 D. Gharibi d.gharibi@scu.ac.ir 4 S.M. Jalali mi.jalali@scu.ac.ir 5 Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz In this study, efficacy of two main probiotics (Citrobacter freundii and Bacillus foraminis) with indigenous quorum quenching (QQ) isolated from the intestine of Cyprinus carpio was studied on haemato-innate immune responses, antioxidant capacity and disease resistance of this fish species. Juveniles of C. carpio (n=450, weighing 50±10 g) were randomly divided into 6 equal groups (with 3 replications) and were fed on diets containing 1×109 cfu g-1 of C. freundii (QQ1, G1), B. foraminis (QQ2,r G2), L. plantarum (without characteristics QQ, WQQ, G3), QQ1 + QQ2 (G4), QQ1 + QQ2+WQQ (combine, G5), and a control diet (without probiotic) for 60 continuous days. Our results showed, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels increased in QQ2 at 30 days but it declined later, while AST and ALT activities varied among treatments. Serum triglycerides, Total protein, albumin, Glucose  and urea were significantly different in the probiotic treatments compared control group (p<0.05). Overall, indigenous probiotics improved various health parameters and reduced side effects in treated fish http://ijaah.ir/article-1-280-en.pdf C. carpio Intestine bacteria Indigenous quorum quenching Biochemical factors eng Iranian Association of Aquatic Animal Health Sustainable Aquaculture and Health Management Journal 2821-1383 2821-1383 2024-02 10 2 35 64 article M.A.K. Aakool mohkaagool@gmail.com 1 M. Alishahi alishahim@scu.ac.ir 2 R. Peyghan peyghan2014@gmail.com 3 M. Khosravi m.khosravi@scu.ac.ir 4 D. Gharibi d.gharibi@scu.ac.ir 5 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Department of livestock, poultry and aquatic animals Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Department of livestock, poultry and aquatic animals Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran In this study, effect of lactobacillus delbrueckii bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus), both in its free form and microencapsulated with alginate/chitosan, on immunity and efficacy of  Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine was assessed in common carp. A total of 360 common carp (48±5.1 g) were randomly divided in four groups, each in tree replicates. *Corresponding author’s email:  alishahim@scu.ac.ir Groups 1 to 3 were vaccinated against A. hydrophila and fed diets supplemented with basal diet, L. bulgaricus-treated feed, and encapsulated L. bulgaricus -treated feed, respectively, and group 4 was considered as the control. Samples were taken on days zero, 30 and 60 of the experiment. Growth performance indices (including FCR, SGR, PER, and FER) and immunological parameters (antibody titer, serum lysozyme, complement and bactericidal activity, NBT reduction, globulin levels, and myeloperoxidase activity) were evaluated. Additionally, hematological parameters (RBC, WBC, Hb, and Hct), intestinal enzyme activities (lipase, protease, amylase, and ALP), antioxidant status (maladeyaldehide (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase activity), and serum biochemical indices (glucose, urea, calcium, triglycerides, ALP, CPK, and bilirubin) were compared among the groups. On day 60 of the experiment, the remaining fish in each group were challenged with virulent A. hydrophila, and cumulative mortality was recorded over a 14-day period. The results indicated that group 3 exhibited the highest growth indices and intestinal enzyme activity. Most of the immune parameters showed a significant increase in groups 3 and 2 compared to control group (p<0.05). Hematological and biochemical parameters remained consistent across all groups (p>0.05). Following the challenge, the mortality rates were lower in groups 3 (20%) and 2 (30%) compared to control group (60%). Overall, these data exhibited that administration of L. bulgaricus is able to enhance efficacy and immunogenicity of injectable A. hydrophila vaccine. Also, alginate/chitosan-microencapsulation of this probiotic further amplifies its positive effects on the vaccine's efficacy. http://ijaah.ir/article-1-279-en.pdf Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine Lactobacillus delbrueckii bulgaricus Common carp Immunogenicity eng Iranian Association of Aquatic Animal Health Sustainable Aquaculture and Health Management Journal 2821-1383 2821-1383 2024-02 10 2 65 75 article F. Ghiasi f.ghiasi@uok.ac.ir 1 M. Nemati m26nemati48@gmail.com 2 F. Pourahmad f.pourahmad@ilam.ac.ir 3 M. Soltani mehdi.soltani.ut@gmail.com 4 R. Farshgar rozhinfarshgar3000@gmail.com 5 Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Recourses, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran Ilam University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ilam, 69316-516 Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ilam University, Iran. Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Unviersity of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Faculty of Veterainary Medicine, University of Razi, Kermanshah, Kermanshah, Iran Morganella morganii is an opportunistic pathogen widely spread out within the intestinal tracts of mammals, humans and reptiles as a part of normal intestinal microbiota. The appearance of skin lesions in blood parrot cichlid, Amphilophus citrinellus x Paraneetroplus synspilus, were monitored in separate aquariums withO2  8 mg/L, pH 7.8, water hardness 145 mg/L CaCO3, and water temperature at 28 °C for two weeks. Initially, superficial lesions were appeared on the fish skin and gradually penetrated the muscles after one week and finally resulted in fish death. Samples from various organs including edges of skin lesions, muscle and kidney, spleen, and liver were taken under aseptic conditions, inoculated into tryptic soy agar incubated at 25°C and 37°C for 24 h. The isolated bacteria from the kidney, spleen or liver were characterized using microbiological and molecular methods.  Phenotypic and molecular assays resulted in the identification of Morganella morganii as the cause of skin lesions.  Ninety apparently healthy goldfish (Carassius auratus) were challenged with isolated bacteria at 5.4 × 104   CFU /mL as a bath for one hour under stress and non-stress conditions. Affected goldfish developed superficial lesions, fin necrosis, muscle necrosis, and mortality initiated six days after challenge and reached 60 % (18 fish) and 36.66 % (11 fish) in stressed and non-stressed goldfish, respectively after 14 days. This data confirmed M. morganii as the causative agent of freshwater fish aquariums, and thus need to be considered in the disease diagnosis in aquaculture activity. http://ijaah.ir/article-1-281-en.pdf Morganella morganii Freshwater fish Stress Blood parrot cichlid Goldfish eng Iranian Association of Aquatic Animal Health Sustainable Aquaculture and Health Management Journal 2821-1383 2821-1383 2024-02 10 2 76 110 article M. Bashiri m.bashiri1369@gmail.com 1 M. Soltani msoltani@ut.ac.ir 2 E. Pirali Kheirabadi pirali@sku.ac.ir 3 S.S. Mirzargar zargarm@ut.ac.ir 4 S. Shafiei sshafiei@sku.ac.ir 5 H. Momeni momenihosseindvm@gmail.com 6 1 Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran 1 Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran 3Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord Province, Iran 1 Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran 4Department of Food hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord Province, Iran 5Aquatic Animal Health Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Iran Veterinary Oragansiation, Shahrekord Province, Iran Potential of a host-associated probiotic, Bacillus subtilis, was successfully screened from 6 isolates from the intestines of healthy rainbow trout (O. mykiss) based on multiple probiotic characteristics in vitro assays, such as, hemolytic activity, biofilm formation, extracellular enzyme activity, inhibitory activity against pathogens, Physicochemical tolerance to gastrointestinal stress, cell surface hydrophobicity, autoaggregation, and antibiotic susceptibility. A total of 450 O. mykiss fingerlings were randomly distributed in three groups (one control and two probiotic-treated groups in triplicate) and fed with the basal (the control) and B. subtilis–supplemented diets (at a concentration of 5×107 and 108 cell/mL B. subtilis, over a period of 60 days. After eight weeks of feeding trial revealed that dietary supplementation of B. subtilis 6 at all two concentrations (5×107 and 108 cell/mL of B. subtilis) immunological responses, biochemical parameters, antioxidant parameter and immune-relevant gene expression (interleukin 1β (IL-1β), HSP70 and TGF-β))) relevant to immunity were analyzed on the 30th, and 60th day post-feeding. After the 60-day feeding period, a significant (p<0.05) enhancement in some immune-biochemical response and immune gene expression was evident. Serum AST, ALT levels exhibited a significant (p<0.05) decrease. The inclusion of B. subtilis in the diets led to a substantial (p<0.05) increase in the survival of A. hydrophila–challenged O. mykiss, thereby highlighting the potential of B. subtilis as a beneficial probiotic for aquaculture in short-time period. http://ijaah.ir/article-1-282-en.pdf Probiotic Bacillus subtilis Rainbow trout Disease resistance eng Iranian Association of Aquatic Animal Health Sustainable Aquaculture and Health Management Journal 2821-1383 2821-1383 2024-02 10 2 111 146 article I. Sharifpour isharifpour@yahoo.com 1 Z. Rahimi Afzal rahimiafzal@gmail.com 2 A. Hemati atefeh.hemati2543@gmail.com 3 Z. Saeidi zohreh.saeidiii@gmail.com 4 Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran. Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran. Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. The inflammatory response is the basic mechanism protecting tissue from damage from whatever cause. It can be considered as a fundamental aspect of pathology because of its frequent occurrence in many diseases and also its protective role. The present investigation was carried out to study the inflammatory response of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to a biological stimulus, Aeromonas hydrophila infection at 27.5± 1°C. The treated fish were sacrificed over a while, and sequential tissue samples were processed for histopathological examinations. Fish challenged with A. hydrophila exhibited an acute inflammatory response which was lethal for some fish within 48 hours post-injection. Polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) were infiltrated in the lesions 1 h post-challenge, and revealed a remarkable response to the infection. Polymorphonuclear cells remained up to 7 days post-injection, and participated in myophagia and contributed in micro-abscess formation. The acute inflammation progressed into a chronic inflammation characterized by fibroplasia which was active 5 days post-infection. The wound healing progress initiated and developed in 5-10 days and was completed by scar formation on 28 days post-challenge. In addition, the regeneration of muscle bundles increased and filled the defect area. http://ijaah.ir/article-1-283-en.pdf Inflammatory response Bacterial diseases Aeromonas hydrophila Histological examination Carp (Cyprinus carpio)