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Showing 10 results for Rainbow Trout
M. Akbari, M. Heidarieh, A. Mirvafeghi , H. Farahmand, H. Sheikhzadeh, E. Najafi Hajivar,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (3-2015)
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of Ergosan, an algal extract containing alginic acid and Hilyses, a fermented Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on growth, immune response and hematological parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish with an initial average weight of 70-75 g were fed with Ergosan (5 g kg-1) and Hilyses (10 g kg-1) for a period of 70 days. The Results revealed that dietary supplementation of Ergosan and Hilyses enhanced the growth of all treated fish significantly compared to fish fed with non-supplemented diet. Dietary intake of Ergosan significantly increased the red blood cell, white blood cell and neutrophil levels compared to the Hilyses-fed and control groups.The highest IL-8 level and lysozyme activity were recorded in the Hilyses-fed fish followed by Ergosan. Serum total protein content was enhanced in fishes administrated with Ergosan compared to the control group. The findings of this study suggested the potential of Ergosan and Hilyses to activate growth performance and immunological parameters in rainbow trout.
M. Mohamadizadeh Kh, M. Shamsaie, Y. Abdollahtabar, A. Soltani,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (3-2015)
Abstract
The effects of water current increment on rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) culture were investigated
during a 35 day experiment. Fish weighing 5.5 g were stocked in aquarium tanks. Four different water speeds (0, 3.5, 7, 10.5 cm/s) were provided for each treatment in three replicates. These different currents water were provided by reusing outlet water of each culture unit. Length, weight, daily growth rate (DGR), specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (CF) and survival rate (SR) were evaluated in each treatment. Also, the changes of NO2, NO3, NH3, NH4+, total hardness and pH were measured. The data variance analysis showed significant differences among all treatments during the first week (P<0.01). However, these results were not observed in following days. Based on Duncan’s test results, the best survival rate (97%), daily growth rate (1), SGR (6%) and average weight (24g) were achieved in 10.5 cm/s.
A. Nematollahi , A. Mohebbi , A. Mokhtari, S. K. Baruah,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (3-2015)
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of the high and low virulence S. iniae strains on oxidative activity and cytotoxic effects of trout spleen macrophages were studied. Spleen macrophages were collected from trout. Luminol was used as chemiluminigenic probe. Phorbolmyristate acetate (PMA) also was used as positive control activating agent of respiratory burst and significantly stimulated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by normal macrophages. Sensitivity of S. Iniae strains to H2O2 and cytotoxicity of bacterial strains for trout macrophages was also determined using the antibacterial effect of H2O2 and the release of lactate dehydrogenase from infected macrophages, respectively. The low virulence strain was killed approximately 6 times more by H2O2 compared to the high virulence strain. Results indicate that, high virulence in S. iniae appears to be correlated with higher macrophage cytotoxicity and resistance to ROS.
S Rashidi Monfared, M Akhlaghi, S. A Pourbakhsh, R Fallahi, S Soltanian, A Yektaseresht,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (4-2018)
Abstract
Since infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is the most predominant strain causing fatal viral disease in Iranian fish farms, an inactivated vaccine for this fatal pathogen was developed. Additionally, the effect of the above-mentioned vaccine was investigated against IPNV using Montanide 1312 VG adjuvant. Two hundred and forty healthy fish with an average weight of 3.00±0.45 g were vaccinated using immersion method with ethylene amine-inactivated IPN vaccine in combination with Montanide IMS 1312 VG for 5 min at 11 ± 1°C. The control group was vaccinated with sterile phosphate-buffered saline. The immersed vaccine with Montanide IMS 1312 VG adjuvant increased the expression of immune system genes such as IgM, MX, and CD8 within 30 days of vaccination period. The expression of IgM, Mx (P<0.05) and CD8 (P>0.05) genes was higher for the vaccine containing 10g of Montanide than that of 50g of Montanide. In fish vaccinated with the adjuvant, the relative percent survival was notably higher than of fish vaccinated without the adjuvant and the control group. Results showed that the ethylene amine-inactivated IPNV vaccine by the immersion method with Montanide IMS 1312 VG significantly has a strong protective immunity against IPNV in rainbow trout.
M.j Zorriehzahra, S Kakoolaki, M Mehrabi, A Sepahdari, M Ghasemi, M Yarmohammadi, M Ghiasi,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (5-2019)
Abstract
In the year 2017, Iran had fisheries production amounted to 1 million tons, of which the total aquaculture was about 300 thousand tons that 160 thousand tons of aquaculture was regarding Oncorhynchus mykiss. Increase of fish stocking density in the pond results in escalation of the number of nutrients, the stresses and incidence of diseases. Among these diseases viral diseases could be identified in the field of rearing ponds, such as Infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN), Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS) and Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis (IPN). Unlike other projects that sample is taken from fish tissues known as a sample, in this study each farm was selected as a research unit. According to the layout of the work based on different fields; the positive or negative result of the presence of the pathogens was recorded. However, aquatic samples were collected from Mazandaran province and Yasuj sites, located in north and southwest of Iran, respectively. Based on the results of Mazandaran area, it was revealed that the increase of bio-safety in the pre-broodstock farms did not have a significant difference (p> 0.05) compared with the increase of immunity level or serum antibodies. This index was relatively equal in fish of other areas. Contrarily, in the pre-broodstock farms, the lysozyme value as a non-specific immunity index had a significant increase, which indicates that the upgrading of the bio-safety level can reduce stress and shift the energy directly to the production.
M Khosravi, P Shohreh, R Khoshbakht,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (11-2019)
Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) are documented as the most considerable viral pathogens in Rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss). This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of these pathogens in 65 farms with suspected clinical signs in northern Iran from March 2016 to February 2018. Logistic regression analysis used to assess the effect of several determinant factors on the occurrence of these pathogens. In total, 19 (29.23%) farms were positive by a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The frequency of VHSV, IHNV, and IPNV was reported 18.5%, 6.2%, and 4.61%, respectively. The most affected farms (78.95%) used river water. Furthermore, our results revealed that using river water raised the chances of viral disease by 5 times (OR= 5.02; P= 0.01). Thus, using river water was a risk factor for the occurrence of viral pathogens. From four weight groups (A to D); fishes in groups A (fish < 1 gr) and B (1 to 20 gr) were more affected but not statistically significant (P>0.05). This study has provided insight into the frequency of these targeted viruses. Collectively, establishing routine rapid diagnostic programs and setting up basic educational practices can be valuable to design the prevention and control strategies.
M. Khoshkholgh, M. Mosapour Shajani, M. Mohammadi,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (8-2020)
Abstract
This study was aimed to assess the possibility of partial replacement of wheat flour and corn meal with Olive pomace (OP) in the rainbow trout diet through evaluating the growth, immunological, and hematological indices as well as the flesh quality. To this end, a total of 3600 rainbow trout (weighting 184±0.7 g) were fed with differecnt levels of OP (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 wt %) for 63 days, besides a control group without OP treatment. The findings exhibited no significant change in the growth indices of the experimental fish groups when compared to the control group. Among the exprimetnal groups, in general, the fish received 10% OP demonstrated the highest alterations. whereas the activity of superoxide dismutase, lysozyme, monocyte and neutrophil considerably increased when compare to the control treatment. Generally, OP inclusion decreased and increased, respectively, the saturated and unsaturated fatty acid contents of both liver and carcass tissues, especially at the higher levels. Taken together, OP could improve both health state and nutritional values of fish and the findings suggested the feasibility of partial OP replacement in the diet of rainbow trout.
A Khodadadi, H Malekinejad, M. S Hosseini,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (11-2021)
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of complementary rainbow trout diets with different concentrations of Celmanax® (active compounds of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS)) on immune responses, pressure resistance and resistance to Yersiniosis. Rainbow trout were fed with a diet containing various concentration levels of S.cerevisiae with MOS (prebiotic) (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1%) for 60 days. While evaluating some of the parameters of the immune system, the blood samples were prepared from the tuber stem vein every 30 days. On day sixty of the study, various stress tests including temperature increases, hypoxia and induction of experimental disease with Yersinia ruckeri were also performed in all the experimental groups. Results showed that lysozyme activity, alternative complement pathway and total antibody were significantly elevated by diets containing different concentrations of prebiotic and the effective supplementation diet concentration was found to be 0.1% (p<0.05). However, the results of environmental pressures and exposure to bacteria showed that rainbow trout resistance was increased with different concentrations of prebiotic and the effective supplementation diet concentration was also 0.1% (p<0.05). Based on these findings, it is suggested that to increase and enhance immunity and improve rainbow trout resistance, it would be appropriate to add 0.1% concentration of prebiotic in the diet.
M Hojatoleslami, H Ahari, K Larijani, A Sharifan,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (8-2022)
Abstract
In recent years, many studies were carried out for developing new food packaging systems. There is a variety of synthetic and natural antimicrobial compounds used to control the growth of microorganisms. The use of natural antimicrobial agents, due to the low side effects and high antibacterial potential, has captured the attention of scientists. The main aim of this study was to produce polylactic acid-based biodegradable active films containing lemon verbena Essential oil nanoemulsion to control the growth of two common foodborne pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) in Rainbow Trout. To aim this, the antibacterial activity (in vitro) of the films were assessed under MIC and MBC assays using the microdilution method. The nanoemulsion was prepared by ultrasonic waves. Based on dynamic light scattering, the mean droplet size was reported at about 22.4 nm. Based on the antibacterial results, the growth of both microorganisms was significantly decreased after 0, 3, and 7 days of storage in comparison with the control group (p <0.05). To sum up, the presence of Lippia citriodora Nanoemulsion in the matrix of the polylactic acid film showed notable antibacterial activity during 7 days of storage at 4˚C (refrigerator). It can be concluded that this film can be a good candidate for food packaging purposes to control the growth of microorganisms.
M. Bashiri, M. Soltani, E. Pirali Kheirabadi, S.s. Mirzargar, S. Shafiei, H. Momeni,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2024)
Abstract
Potential of a host-associated probiotic, Bacillus subtilis, was successfully screened from 6 isolates from the intestines of healthy rainbow trout (O. mykiss) based on multiple probiotic characteristics in vitro assays, such as, hemolytic activity, biofilm formation, extracellular enzyme activity, inhibitory activity against pathogens, Physicochemical tolerance to gastrointestinal stress, cell surface hydrophobicity, autoaggregation, and antibiotic susceptibility. A total of 450 O. mykiss fingerlings were randomly distributed in three groups (one control and two probiotic-treated groups in triplicate) and fed with the basal (the control) and B. subtilis–supplemented diets (at a concentration of 5×107 and 108 cell/mL B. subtilis, over a period of 60 days.
After eight weeks of feeding trial revealed that dietary supplementation of B. subtilis 6 at all two concentrations (5×107 and 108 cell/mL of B. subtilis) immunological responses, biochemical parameters, antioxidant parameter and immune-relevant gene expression (interleukin 1β (IL-1β), HSP70 and TGF-β))) relevant to immunity were analyzed on the 30th, and 60th day post-feeding. After the 60-day feeding period, a significant (p<0.05) enhancement in some immune-biochemical response and immune gene expression was evident. Serum AST, ALT levels exhibited a significant (p<0.05) decrease. The inclusion of B. subtilis in the diets led to a substantial (p<0.05) increase in the survival of A. hydrophila–challenged O. mykiss, thereby highlighting the potential of B. subtilis as a beneficial probiotic for aquaculture in short-time period.
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